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JOURNAL
OF THE
NEW YORK
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
^tvatziSi ta ^wXoxtxaXoQXi in i&znzx^l
Volume XVII, 1909
Edited by William Morton Wheeler
NEW YORK
Published by the Society
Quarterly
1909
;i\o5i>
Press of
The New era printing Cohpanv
Lancaster, Pa
Contents of Volume XVII
ARTICLES.
Banks, Nathan,
New Genera and Species of Tropical Myrmeleonidse . . i New Tropical Pseudoscorpions ...... 145
Brues, C. T.,
Some New Phoridse from the Philippines .... 5
BUENO, J. R. DE LA TORRE,
The Notonectid Genus Buenoa Kirkaldy . . , -74
COCKERELL, T. D. A., AND W. W. ROBBINS,
Some New and Little Known Coccidae . . . . . 104 COMSTOCK, W. P.,
On the Use of Coal Tar Creosote as a Preventative of
Cabinet Pests ......... 73
Davis, Wm. T.,
Owl Pellets and Lisects 49
The Camp at Lakehurst ....... 95
A Cricket New to New Jersey 187
Dow, R. P.,
On the Origin of Entomological Names . . . -51 EwiNG, H. E.,
New American Oribatoidea . . . . . . .116
Fall, H. C,
A Short Synopsis of the Species of Ochodasus Inhabiting
the United States 30
GiRAULT, A. A.,
A New Chalcidoid Genus and Species of the Family My- maridse from Illinois, Parasitic on the Eggs of the Weevil Tyloderma foveolatum (Say) .... 167 Hayhurst, Paul,
Observations on two Species of Hynlopterus . . . 107 Knaus, W.,
Notes on Coleoptera ........ 71
iv Contents.
KUWANA, S. I.,
Coccidse of Japan (III). First Supplemental List of Jap- anese Coccidse, or Scale Insects, with Description of Eight New Species 150
Coccid?e of Japan (IV). A List of Coccidae from the Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-Jima), Japan . . . . 158
Leng, Chas. W.,
A New Clerus . . . 103
Matausch, Ignaz,
Gynandromorphic Membracidae ...... 165
OsBURN, Raymond C,
The Odonata of the Biologia Centrali-Americana . . 39
ROHWER, S. A.,
The Sawfly Genus Cryptocampus in Boreal North America 7
SCHAEFFER, ChAS.,
Four New Cerambycidse 99
Three Cuban Coleoptera New to the Fauna of the. United States 148
Sleight, Chas. E.,
Catocala Herodias Strecker, at Lakehurst, N. J. . . 166
Smith, John B.,
New Species of Noctuidae for 1909 57
Wheeler, W. M.,
A Small Collection of Ants from Victoria, Australia . . 25 A Decade of North American Formicidae . . . -77
A New Honey Ant from California 98
Observations on Some European Ants ..... 172
Proceedings 41, 90, 137, 189.
Vol. XVII.
No. I.
JOURNAL
OF THE
NEW YORK
Entomological Society,
H)epote& to JEutomologig in (BeuevaL
MARCH, 1909.
Edited l)y William Morton Wheeleu.
Publication Coiinitittee. E P. Felt. Charles Schaeffek.
E. G. Love. W. M. Whbelek.
F*iJilolishLecl Quarterly by ttie Society. L.\NC.\STER, PA. NEW YORK CITY.
1909.
[Entered April 21, 1904, at Lancaster, Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress o
fjyViVi894.] 1
THE NEW enA PAINT. , LANCASTER . f
COiYTEWTS.
New Genera and Species of Tropical Myrmeleonidae. By Nathan Banks . . i
Some New Phoridse from the Philippines. By Charles T. Brues . . 5
The Sawfly Genus Cryptocampus in Boreal North America. By S. A. Rohwer 7 A Small Collection of Ants from Victoria, Australia. By William Morton
Wheeler . . . 25
A Short Synopsis of the Species of Ochod^eus Inhabiting the United States.
By H. C. Fall 30
The Odonata of the Biologia Centrali-Americana. By Raymond C. Osburn 39
Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society 41
OF THE
Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St., Lancaster, Pa., and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal should be sent to the editor, W. M. Wheeler, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass.; all subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis, 46 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Is., New York, and all books and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaeffer, Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per year, strictly in ad- vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts oayable to NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25 separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger number be desired they will be supplied at cost provided notice is sent to the Editor before the page proof has been corrected.
JOURNAL
JOFtD ]9oFh €ln]^onioIogirflI %nM^.
ToL. XVII. MARCH, 1909. > No. 1.
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF TROPICAL MYRMELEONID.^.
By Nathan Banks, East Falls Church, Va.
Dimares pretiosa, new species.
Head blackish, lower margin of labrum yellow ; vertex mostly pale, with three dark spots each side ; palpi black ; antennse black ; pronotum pale, with a large blackish spot on posterior part with three extensions forward to front margin ; thorax dull black, a pair of submedian pale spots on meso- and metanotum, and the hind border of meso- and metascutellum pale ; legs pale, femur faintly striped above near tip, and tips of tarsal joints darker ; abdomen brown to black, unmarked. Wings hyaline, with many large brown spots ; fore wings with some small basal spots, an oblique band of larger spots before middle, one beyond middle and before stigma of three large spots, one at stigma, ending in two smaller spots on the hind border ; the costal spot of this last band connects to the three connected apical spots. Hind wings with two or three small spots along radius in basal part ; a large spot in disk before middle ; an oblique band of three spots at middle, another band beyond middle ending in two spots on the hind margin ; the costal spot of this last band connects to the apical trifid spot, which, like that of the fore wing, leaves two hyaline spots, one before and one behind the tip of wing. Expanse 64 mm.
Mollendo, Peru, Dec.
The described species of Dimares may be separated by the follow- ing table :
1. No spots on the wings ; thorax pale in the middle, with a narrow median black
stripe albidilinea Walk.
Spots on the wings 2.
2. Thorax pale in middle, with a narrow median black stripe ; spots of wings nearly
all separated and none forming bands across wings elegans Perty.
Thorax mostly dark above ; spots forming more or less distinct bands, at least in the hind wings 3.
1
2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
3. Hind wings with a small median spot at or before the middle 4.
No such spot in hind wings ; a complete preapical band forked behind ; no spots on basal part of hind margin of hind wings venustus Bks.
4. Hind wings with three bands, partly connected together, the apical with two pale
spots, fore wings with complete bands 5.
Hind wings without complete bands, all more or less broken, not connected 6.
5. Hind wings with dark spots along hind margin before the middle; fore wings
with apical third brown, and two bands subdolus Walk.
Hind wings without spots along hind margin before middle, fore wings with three bands .formosus Bks.
6. Spots of anterior wings numerous and irregular, not forming bands, but rather
along the apical and hind margin belhdus Bks.
Spots of fore wings form three or four interrupted bands pretiosus Bks.
Brachynemurus meridionalis, new species.
Head pale, darker around bases of antennae, a brown band above antenna, rest of vertex pale ; tips of palpi dark, antennse pale, tip dark ; pronotum yellowish, a brown stripe each side; mesonotum brown, a pair of pale spots in front, and some streaks behind ; meso- and metascutellum pale, each with a pair of brown stripes ; legs pale, tips of tarsal articles darker ; abdomen blackish, pale at base. Wings hyaline ; fore wings with whitish veins ; the costa on basal half, the hind margin, and all the longi- tudinal veins are marked with small brown clouds at the end of each cross-vein ; stigma indistinct ; at end of median vein, or rather where it first forks, is a larger dark spot, and in the hind wings a much smaller one. Hind wings with dark veins, ex- cept the sub-costa and radius, which are pale and marked with dark spots ; the radia- sector at base, and the basal part of the cubitus also marked with pale. Three cross- veins before radial sector in fore wings, two in hind wings. Expanse 50 mm.
From Sapucay, Paraguay, 30 Jan.
Brachynemurus strigosus, new species.
Head pale, a dark spot below each antenna, a median black line to labrum, a faint dark dot on each side of labrum ; palpi pale ; antennse pale at base, darker toward tip ; vertex with a median black line, a transverse black line each side in front, with an extension backward ; pronotum brown, above with three pale marks on front mar- gin, and the extreme sides pale, median lobe of mesothorax mostly brown, with three pale spots on each side, and one in middle behind ; the lateral lobes mostly pale, each with three blackish spots ; mesoscutellum pale, with a black spot each side ; lateral lobes of metathorax pale, with a transverse black mark, metascutellum blackish, with a pale median line forked behind , abdomen pale brown, darker on tip ; legs pale, tips of tibiae and of tarsal joints black ; spurs as long as first two joints. Wings hyaline ; fore wings with pale veins, mostly marked with dark brown in long patches, the cubitus has two or three especially prominent long patches of brown, the marginal veinlets are mostly brown, stigma yellowish, blackish at base. Hind wings with mostly dark veins, no spots; but the sub-costa and radius and part of radial sector are interrupted with pale. Fore wings narrow, sub-falcate at tips, three cross- veins basad of radial sector, the cubitus and median run closer together than in many forms ; hind wings more narrow, and more strongly falcate at tips ; the fork of cubitus runs parallel to anal for a long distance, two cross-veins basad of radial sec-
Mar., 1909.] Banks : Tropical Myrmeleonid^. 3
tor ; in both wings the second and following branches of radial sector are bent so as to appear like one straight vein running toward the tip of wing. Expanse 48 mm.
From Pedregal, Mendoza, Argentina.
AustroleoD, new genus.
Fore wings ; radial sector arises much before end of anal vein, the anal ends nearly as far out as first fork of radial sector ; but three cross-veins basad of radial sector. Hind wings ; the anal vein runs about one third the way to tip, bends down suddenly, and not parallel to the very short fork of cubitus, two cross-veins basad of radial sector. Legs not slender, first tarsal joint as long as next two ; spurs present, as long as first two joints. In both wings there are few, if any, costals forked before the stigma, and tips of all wings are sub-falcate. Meither of the species are heavily marked.
Austroleon dispar, new species.
Face pale ; a small dark mark under each antenna ; antenna pale, second joint marked with black, others with a black band, tips not very dark ; vertex with a median pale brown line, a spot in front each side, and some behind, pale brown ; palpi pale, last joint with a dark dot ; pronotum paler, the lower margin, a stripe each side, a median stripe behind, and two elongate spots in front are black ; thorax black, a submedian pair of sharply defined pale stripes, and pale stripes through bases of the wings, the anterior part of the median black stripe is divided by pale ; legs pale, femora heavily dotted with black, a few other dots; abdomen dark, with a faint pale stripe each side for one half way out. Wings hyaline ; fore wings with the costal and hind margin uniformly black, longitudinal veins pale, interrupted with black, a larger dark spot at end of the median, and at end of the anal vein before it bends to the margin ; stigma yellowish. Hind wings with mostly dark veins ; the radius, sec'or, and cubitus interrupted with pale ; stigma yellowish, the apical part of all marginal veinlets dark. Hind wings much narrower than fore wings ; both falcate at tips ; cells between branches of radial sectors elongate. Expanse 50 to 58 mm.
From Pedregal, Mendoza, Argentina.
Austroleon compar, new species.
Face pale ; palpi pale ; a pale brown mark under each antenna, and a pale band above ; vertex with a transverse dark spot each side ; antennre pale, black toward tips ; pronotum pale, a broad black stripe each side to lower margin, leaving a very broad pale middle area ; thorax pale, a blackish stripe each side above the wings, scutellum with a faint median dark line; legs pale, femora darker each side toward tip, and tips of tarsal joints dark ; abdomen pale, blackish beyond the middle, the tips of some of the pale segments black above. Wings hyaline ; fore wings with veins interruptedly brown, the brown never extending out on the mem- brane ; a dark spot near tip of the median vein ; stigma pale, dark at base. Hind wings similar, with dark spots less distinct : the cells between the branches of the radial sector are all large, none compressed ; hind wings not so much narrower than fore wings. Expanse 32-38 mm.
From Pedregal, Mendoza, Argentina.
4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xvii.
Macroleon, new genus.
Fore wings ; anal vein ends before first fork of radial sector; 12 to 15 cross- veins before radial sector, many of them crossed ; cubital forks very divergent, and much before end of anal, radial sector with numerous branches. Hind wings ; the anal vein runs into the fork of cubitus, and not into margin ; 5 or 6 cross-veins before radial sector. Wings long, broad near tip, but pointed ; costal series single. Spurs not as long as first tarsal joint ; antennse long. Type Myrmeleon validus McLachl.
Nesoleon, new genus.
Fore wings ; the anal vein ends before the fork of radial sector ; about 9 cross- veins before radial sector ; the fork of cubitus runs parallel to anal for some distance,
Hind wings ; about 8 cross-veins before radial sector ; the fork of cubitus runs parallel to anal for some distance. In both pairs the wings are short and broad, and broadly rounded at tips. Spurs not as long as first tarsal joint, and very slender and weak.
Nesoleon braunsi, new species.
Face black in middle, a large yellowish spot each side, clypeus pale ; palpi black at tip ; antennre black ; vertex black ; two transverse pale lines each side, connected near middle ; pronotum pale, with three broad black stripes, the lateral ones con- taining a pale streak, the median one enlarged near middle ; thorax with middle area pale, with a median black stripe through the scutelli ; the anterior lobe of mesothorax black, with a pale spot each side behind ; lateral lobes with some pale spots over bases of wings ; abdomen black. Legs pale ; femora blackish above ; tibire with two black bands ; and tips of tarsal joints black. Wings pale, or rather blackish, since this latter color occupies the greater part of the surface, especially in the male ; in the latter the fore wings are black from tip to one third near base, where the black is broken up into small spots ; the stigma is white, two white spots under radius near middle, and some small white spots along the median vein. Hind wings of male still more evenly black, the basal third pale, and stigma white. In the female the hind wings are nearly as in the male, but the pale extends farther out from base and there is a pale spot under radius near middle ; the fore wings have the brown or blackish much broken up ; thiee larger pale spots ; one near middle under radius, one at the stigma, and a third in the disc behind these ; the apical part of wing has as much pale as dark ; the hairs borne by the veins are snow-white. Spurs short and weak, very slender. Wings broad, rounded at tips ; in fore wings the anal ends before first fork of radial sector ; 9 veins before radial sector ; the fork of cubitus runs parallel to the anal for a long distance, also in the hind wings, and here there are 8 cross-veins before radial sector. Antennae very short ; abdomen of male, as well as of female, shorter than wings. Expanse 38 to 43 mm.
From Willowmore, Cape Colony, Dec. (Dr. Brauns).
Mar., igog.]
Brues : New Phorid^ from Philippines.
SOME NEW PHORIDiE FROM THE PHILIPPINES.
By Charles T. Brues, Milwaukee, Wis.
The following two species of Phoridae, both belonging to the genus Aphiochceta, were recently sent to me by Mr. Ernest E. Austen, of the British Museum. Both prove to be new to science, and I have his kind permission to publish descriptions of them. The types are in the British Museum, and cotypes in the collections of the Public Mu- seum of the city of Milwaukee. These are the first species to be pub- lished from the Philippines, although many others doubtless occur there, among them quite probably some of those recently described from New Guinea and the neighboring islands. The present ones were collected by C. S. Banks, of the Bureau of Science in Manila.
Aphiochaeta banksi, new species.
.\fale a ud female. Length 2.5-4.5 mm. Pale testaceous, the head more or less infuscated above, abdomen marked with piceous. Front as wide as long, with an ocellar tubercle and median frontal groove. Four proclinate setae, all well separated, and the lower pair strong, well developed. Bases of first row of reclinate setae forming a downwardly bowed line with the upper proclinate pair, all of these six being at about an equal distance from the lower margin of the front and equidistant from each other. Second row of reclinate setae forming a slightly curved line well above the middle of the front, the lateral ones very close to the eye-margin. Ocellar row as usual. Cheeks each with two stout, downwardly directed macrochsetce and a row of small bristles close to the eye-margin. Postocular cilia strong, slightly enlarged below. Antennae almost spherical with dorsal, nearly bare arista. Palpi comparatively large, without stout bristles. Proboscis stout and prominent, although short, of chitinous structure. Thorax rather elongate, finely hairy. One pair of dorsocentral macro- chaeta; and four strong marginal scutel- lar bristles, the lateral pair being nearly as stout as the median one. Margin of mesonotum between the base of the wing and the scutellum on each side with two very strong macrochaetae. Abdomen testaceous or pale yellow, marked with piceous as follows : a deli- cate posterior margin on the first seg- ment; abroad one on the second, which Y\G. i. — AphiocJurta banksi, n. sp. is widened laterally ; third and fourth igg and wing of female,
segments entirely black, except for a
median elliptical space which touches the anterior margin, but is separated from the posterior one by a narrow band of black ; fifth with a dark spot at the sides ; hypo- pygium of male also dark. In the female the dark markings tend to weaken or to become smaller. Venter pale. Legs long and stout (Fig. l), the posterior femora
Hind
6 JouRNAi, New York Entomological Societv. [Voi. xvii
quite noticeably thickened ; anterior and middle tibiae very weakly ciliate ; posterior ones with about 12 unusually strong setula?. I-egs pale, the tips of the hind femora infuscated. Wings (Fig. l) hyaline, with yellowish veins; costal vein reaching fully to the middle of the wing or slightly beyond, with closely-set, short, fine cilia; auxiliary vein very indistinct ; first vein ending a little nearer the tip of the third than the humeral cross-vein ; third vein acutely forked, but very near to the tip so that the cell thus formed is small ; fourth vein but little curved ; fifth weakly bent towards the middle ; sixth slightly bisinuate ; seventh faint. Halteres pale.
Numerous specimens of both sexes from Manila, Philippine Islands, "found breeding in culture media in Bureau of Science." They were collected by Dr. C. S. Banks.
Aphiocbaeta curtineura, new species.
Length 2.5-4 mm. Brownish testaceous, more or less of the front and abdomen above infuscated. Head comparatively flat antero-posteriorly. Front about as wide as high, with ocellar tubercle and median frontal groove ; brownish or quite dark, its bristles stout. Four proclinate seix, all of them very stout ; the lower pair as strong as the upper. Lower lateral angles each with a pair, the median one of which is dis- tinctly lower than the upper proclinate seta. Middle frontal row nearly straight, slightly bowed downward. Ocellar row as usual. Cheeks each with two stout macrochsetse at the lower angle, above which are a series of very small ones anteri- orly. Postocular cilia stout. Antennae nearly spherical, with a short, very slightly pubescent arista. Palpi small, but with very stout macrochsetse. Proboscis short and fleshy. Thorax thinly hairy, testaceous, with one pair of dorsocentral macrochsetse and only one pair of strong scutellar bristles. Mesopleural bristles five, of moderate size. Abdomen testaceous, with distinct brownish bands which are nearly contiguous in fully colored specimens. Sides dark above and apically, venter very pale. Legs testaceous, stout, the hind femora considerably swollen and weakly ciliate near the tip below ; darkened at the apex. Hind tibise strongly setulose, the setulse about 12
^^^-^ in number, about two thirds as long as the di-
_Jr^>^i^,_ir "^ anieter of the tibia at their insertions. Wings
(Fig. 2) hyaline, elongate, the veins pale brown ;
costal veins scarcely over one third the length of
the wing, its cilia rather short and closely placed ;
first, second and third veins entering the costa very Fig. 2. — Aphiochceta iiirtineura , close together, the cell at the furcation of the third n. sp. Wing. extremely small, though always distinct ; third
vein at the tip somewhat swollen ; fourth vein very faintly curved, ending as near the wing tip as the fifth, which is also nearly straight ; sixth very weakly sinuate ; seventh fine but distinct. Halteres pale.
Described from several specimens of both sexes included in the same vial with the preceding species, from which it differs by its very short costal vein, different ch^etotaxy of front and scutellum.
Mar., 1909.] RoHWER : Crytocampus in Boreal North America. 7
THE SAWFLY GENUS CRYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NORTH AMERICA.
By S. a. Rohwer, Boulder, Colo.
This paper is the result of my studies on the Nematid genus CrypiocatnpHs (= Enurd). The species of this genus resemble each other in the color very much. For example, the males of bebbiance, viacgillivrayi, salicis-ovum, salicis-nodus and propinqmis cannot be separated by any reliable color character, yet they are all very distinct. This being the case, the old descriptions, which deal almost entirely vv'ith color, are of very little value. I have found the shape of the sheath and the sculpturing of the head to be constant within each species, and very valuable in separating the various species. The fol- lowing is an explanation of the terms used in this paper. Many of them are used in Mr. C. L. Marlatt's most valuable work on the Nematin?e of North America [Tech. Ser. 3, U. S. Dept. Ag., 1896]. Middle fovea := the fovea between the bases of the antennje. Middle carina = the carina between the bases of the antennte, below the middle fovea. This is sometimes wanting and is of little value in this genus. Antennal foveae = the foveje around the bases of the antennae. Frontal crest = the part of the front between the bases of the antennae, above the middle fovea. This is best seen from above. Ocellar basin = the basin around the lower ocellus. Interocellar furrow =the transverse furrow behind the lateral ocelli. Lateral ocellar furrow = the longitudinal furrows which usually extend
from the occiput to the antennal foveae.
The larvae of all the known American species make galls upon the twigs of some species of willow. It seems highly probable that each species is restricted to a certain species of Salix. I have found in the mouth of Boulder Canon, Colo., bushes oi Salix hdeosericea and Salix bebbiana growing so closely together that the twigs were intermingled, but in no case did I find C. macgiUivrayi in galls on Salix bebbiatia, or C. bebbia/icB in galls on Salix luteosericea.
It is at present impossible, unless the adults are reared, to deter- mine with accuracy the galls of any species, with the exception of
8 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.xvii.
the few which have been reared from willows which were specifically^ determined. The galls of C. cooperce Ckll. and C. brachycarpce Roh. look alike, but occur on different species of Salix.
Cryptocampus Hartig.
Cryptocampus Hartig, Aderfl., p. 221 (1837). Enura Newman, Ent. Mag., Vol. 4, p. 259 (1837).
Head small, seen from the front usually rectangular. Pentagonal area variable. Antennse 9-jointed, slender, usually distinctly tapering; longer in the $ than in the 9. Fore wmgs with three cubital cells, the second transverse cubitus wanting; stigma large ; lanceolate cell petiolate. Hind wings with two discal cells which are normally equal on the outer margin ; lanceolate cell of hind wings with a long petiole. Claws cleft, or with a large subapical tooth. Sheath variable. Cerci ( 9 ) very long, slender. Procidentia ( ,J ) variable but as a rule not very large. Hypo- pygium ( (J ) large, extending beyond the procidentia.
Table of the Adults. (C albiricttis and C. orbitalis v. niger have been omitted. )
Females , !►
Males 13.
1. Almost entirely bright reddish-yellow (basal half of stigma pale ; ocellar basin
wel 1 defi ned ) macgillivrayi Roh .
Black, or at least the thorax almost entirely black 2.
2. Clypeus entirely black 3.
Clypeus with at least the apical margin pale 7-
3. Legs below the coxse bright reddish-yellow (upper margin of the sheath taper- ing; middle fovea circular, small, rather indistinct) .perditus Roh.
Legs below the coxse and at least the femora at the base brownish 4.
4. Ridges around the ocellar basin wanting (the basin is indicated by a shallow
depression); tegulre sometimes pale 5-
Ridges around the ocellar basin present, but rounded ; tegulse black 6.
5. Lateral ocellar furrow deep, distinct ; antenn?e black ; sheath slightly emargi-
nate above niger Prov.
Lateral ocellar furrows almost wanting ; antennse more or less pale beneath ; sheath straight above salicicolaY.. A. Sm.
6. Sheath distinctly emarginate above ; labrum and mandibles entirely black.
rnaurits Roh. Sheath straight above; labrum and mandibles testaceous insularis Kincaid.
7. Walls of the ocellar basin well defined, although not always strongly so 8.
Walls of the ocellar basin obsolete 12.
8. Frontal crest unbroken (inner orbits broadly pale ; venation light brown ; legs
entirely bright rufo-ferruginous) orbitalis Nort.
Frontal crest distinctly broken 9.
9. Abdomen above entirely black ; inner orbits black and usually the posterior ones ;
frontal crest trilobate brachycarpa Roh.
Abdomen at the apex above pale ; inner and outer orbits pale 10,
Mar., 1909.] ROHWER : CrYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NoRTH AMERICA. 9
10. Stigma, except extreme base, black (venation usually normal ; apical antenna]
joint slightly shorter than the preceding one) bebbiana Roh.
Stigma, except apex, pale II.
II Apical antennal joint gradually tapering ; ocellar basin strongly defined ; lower
discal cell of hind wings shorter than upper cooperce QW\.
Apical antennal joint obliquely truncate ; ocellar basin not so strongly defined ;
lower discal cell of hind wings longer than upper salicis-ovzun Walsh.
12. Length 3.5 mm. ; clypeus slightly emarginate .parvus Roh.
Length over 4 mm. ; clypeus rather deeply emarginate salicis-tiodus Walsh.
13. Clypeus entirely black 14.
Clypeus with at least the apical margin pale 15.
14. All the femora black , tnatirus Roh.
Some of the femora pale salicicola E. A. Sm.
15. Legs below the coxae marked with brown 16.
Legs below the coxae entirely reddish-yellow (apex of hind tibire sometimes brownish) 1 7.
16. Stigma tapering to an acute point ; clypeus narrowly notched. .mj«</rtr-?j Kincaid. Stigma not tapering to an acute point ; clypeus not deeply or narrowly notched.
brachycarpa Roh.
17. Stigma entirely dark brown 18.
Stigma pale at the base ig,
18. Lateral ocellar furrows distinct, deep; antennal fovese large .propimjuus Roh,
Lateral ocellar furrows not deep or distinct ; antennal foveae not so large.
bebbiancT Roh.
19. Flagellum black (orbits black) perdii us Koh.
Flagellum pale beneath 20.
20. Sides of abdomen above more or less pale salicis-ovinn Walsh.
Sides of the abdomen above black 21.
21. Flagellum entirely pale beneath salicis-nodus Walsh.
Flagellum black basally 22.
22. Frontal crest notched macgillivrayi Roh.
Frontal crest unbroken orbitalis Nort. 9 .
Table of Galls.
An enlargement of the twig I
A lateral swelling on the twig 3
1. Enlargement abrupt at the lower end .propiuquus Roh
Enlargement not abrupt at the lower end 2
2. On Salix longifolia solicis-nodus Walsh
On Salix luteosericea margillivrayi Roh
3. Swelling elongate 4
Swelling ovate or round 5
4. On Salix huinilis orbitalis Nort
On Salix bebbiana bebbiana Roh
On Salix 1,'^. (bark [dry] reddish) .propinquus Roh
5. Swelling gradual 6
Swelling abrupt.... 7
10 Journal New York Entomological Society, ivoi xvii.
6. On Saljx cordata salicis-ovutii Walsh.
On Salix humilis salicis-ovulum Walsh .
7. On Salix brachycarpa brachycarpiv Roll.?
On Salix sp coopercB Ckll.
The galls oi parvus Roh., insularis Kincaid, niger Prov., albirictus Cress., orhita/is var. nigei' Nort., perditiis Roh., and maunis Roh., are not known. I have not seen nor have I a description of the gall of sail cicala E. A. Sm. It occurs on Salix alba.
1. Cryptocampus orbitalis (Norton).
Enura orbitalis Norton, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., i, 1862, p. I44 ; Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, i, 1867, p. 79.
Enura salicis-gemma Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.,vi, 1866, p. 25.
Enura salicis-gemnta Walsh and Riley, Am. Ent., ii, p. 49, 1869.
Enura orbitalis Provancher, Natural Can., x, 1878, p. 51 > Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 183, 1883.
Enura orbitalis Thomas, loth Rept. State Entomologist 111., p. 69, 1880-1881.
Enura orbitalis Ashmead, Col. Biol. Assoc, p. 40, 1890.
Cryptocampus orbitalis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., i, p. 227, 1894.
Enura orbitalis Marlett, Tech. Sr. 3, U. S. Dept. Ag., p. 20, 1896.
Cryptocampus orbitalis Konow, Genera Insectorum, p. 51, 1 905.
Female. — Length 5 mm. ; length of anterior wing 5 mm. Plead seen from the side narrowed toward occiput. Clypeus deeply, circularly emarginate ; lobes long and rather sharp. Middle fovea subquadrate, distinct, walls somewhat sloping. Antennal foveas distinct above the antennae. Frontal crest prominent, unbroken. Ocellar basin not well defined, but the walls are sharp on the lower margin and about anterior ocellus. Interocellar furrow very faint ; lateral ocellar furrows rather broad and shallow, hardly reaching the antennal fovese. The head around the ocelli is rather closely, finely punctured. Fourth antennal joint a very little shorter than the third ; apical joint equal in length with the preceding one. Claws deeply cleft, inner tooth shorter. Venation normal ; stigma rounded on the lower margin, obliquely subtrun- cated at apex. Sheath broad at base, obtusely rounded at apex, the upper margin is not straight. Cerci slightly longer than the sheath above. Black : head except a large spot enclosing ocelli, pronotum, tegulse, abdomen beneath and apical segments above, legs entirely except the bases of the coxas sometimes, cerci ferruginous. The color on the legs and tegulae is sometimes somewhat pallid. Apical joints of the antennae brownish. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent ; venation pale brown, basal part of costa and stigma subpallid.
Male. — I have not seen the male but it is colored like the 9 •
Habitat. — Conn., 111., N. Y. (Norton); Canada (Prov.); Colo- rado (Ashm.).
The gall consists of a lateral enlargment of the twig and varies from 4-9 mm. in length, and 3-4 mm. in width. It is monothalamous.
Walsh's species gemma has the flagellum red beneath in the c?, but otherwise agrees in color with orbitalis. A comparison of the types of
Mar., ic,o9.j RoHWER : CrYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. 11
these two species might prove them distinct. The r? variety recorded by Norton (p. 49, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, 1867) is probably a dif- ferent species. I know of no Cryptocampus which is black above and pale beneath, but there are many Pontanice colored like his variety. It is quite possible that Dr. Ashmead has mistaken behbiana Roh. for orbitalis Nort. If such is the case orbitalis does not, as far as is known at present, occur in Colorado.
The above description is drawn from two females received from Dr. MacGillivray. They were collected in New York state.
2. Cryptocampus orbitalis var. niger (Norton).
Enura orbitalis Nort. var. nigra Norton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, 1867, p. 71.
Cryptocampus orbitalis var. 7iiger Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., i, 1894, p. 277.
Cryptocafupus orbitalis var. «/§"<?;- Konow^, Genera Insectorum, p. 5I) 1905-
Female. — "A female from Labrabor has the whole head, except the mouth, black ; the coxae and femora, except at tip, black ; the trochanters white" (original description).
Habitat. — Labrador.
This is undoubtedly a distinct species. In the black head it is like niger Prov., but has differently colored legs than that species.
3. Cryptocampus cooperas (Cockerell).
Enura salicis-ovum Ckll., The Southwest, Vol. 2, 5, p. 1 13, 1900.
Enitra coopera Ckll., Ann. and Mag., Ser. 7, Vol. vii, p. 337, April, I901.
Female. — Lengths mm. ; length of anterior wing 5 mm. Head similar to orbitalis Nort., but not so broad at the occiput. Clypeus deeply, angularly emargi- nate ; lobes broad, obtuse at apex. Middle fovea deep, rather elongated. Antennal foveas circular, deep, large. Ocellar basin large, broader below, bounded by low, line-like walls. Interocellar furrow wanting ; lateral ocellar furrows rather sharply defined, extending to the antennal fovere. Frontal crest rather prominent, strongly broken in the middle by the middle fovea. Third and fourth antennal joints equal ; apical joint slightly longer than the preceding one. Head around the ocelli finely punctured. Claws deeply cleft, the inner tooth much shorter, giving them the ap- pearance of having a large middle tooth. Venation normal, except that the lower discal cell of the hind wing is shorter than the upper ; stigma rounded on the lower margin, tapering to the apex. Sheath broad, very obtuse at the apex, straight on upper margin. Cerci about the same length as the sheath above. Black ; head, except behind, and a large spot enclosing ocelli (this black spot almost touches the inner eye margins, and does touch the occiput), pronotum, tegulae (the tegulse are slightly pallid), abdomen beneath and the apical dorsal segments, legs entirely, /c'r- ruginous. The head and pronotum are slightly brownish. Apical antennal joints ferruginous, but not strongly so. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown, costa and basal half of stigma white.
Habitat. — Las Vegas, N. M. (Mary Cooper).
12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvu.
The above description is from Professor Cockerell's type. The following is Professor Cockerell's description of the gall of this species : "Gall an oval abrupt lateral swelling on the twigs of Sa/ix sp. (a species with very narrow leaves), about lO mm. long and 7 broad, pale and roughened." The flies emerged April 5 and 9.
In color this species is much like orbitalis Nort. and bcbbiatue Roh. The different emargination of the clypeus, the broken frontal crest and the pale stigma will separate it from orbitalis. See remarks under bebbiauce to separate it from that species. The gall is much like the supposed gall of bracliycarpce Roh., and belongs to the ovum group. I have collected galls at the mouth of Boulder Canon, Colo., which look much like the galls of cooperce and are probably made by this species. They were on Salix luteosericea Rydb., a narrow-leafed willow.
I have a dark specimen of salicis-ovuui Walsh which I received from Dr. MacGillivray, which looks very much like coopercB Ckll., but is not cooperce, may be known from the dark specimens oi salicis-otmm by the following characters : The ocellar basin more strongly defined, the almost complete absence of the interocellar furrow, while in salicis- ovum it is distinct but not strong ; the apical joint of antennae grad- ually tapering, not obliquely truncate at the apex as in salicis-ovum ; frontal crest strongly broken; clypeus more angularly emarginate ; lower discal cell of hind wings exceeded by the upper, while in salicis- ovum the lower is the longer ; sheath more obtuse at the apex.
The gall of cooperce may be known from the gall of salicis-ovum by its more abrupt form, sa/icis-ovutn being somewhat sloping.
4. Cryptocatnpus salicis-ovum (Walsh).
Eiiura sa//cis-07'u//i \\a\sh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., vi, p. 252, 1866.
Eniira perttirbans Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., vi, p. 254, 1866.
Enura salicisovu»t Nort., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, i, 1867, p. 50-
Enura pertiirbans Nort., loc. cit., p. 53-
Enura salicis-ovum Walsh & Riley, Am. Ent., ii, 1869, p. 49.
Enura salicis-ovum Thomas, loth Rept., State Entomologist 111., p. 69.
Enura ovum Ashm., Colo., Biol. Assoc, p. 40, 1890.
Enura salicis-ovum Ckll., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, xx, p. 345, 1893.
Enura ovum Beutenmiiller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, Art. xv, p. 267 ;
Am. Mus. Jn., iv. No. 4, Oct., 1904, p. 24. Cryptocatnpus saliris-ovtan Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., i, p. 278, 1894. Cryptocampus perhibans Dalla Torre, loc. cit., p. 278. Enura salicis-ovum Marlatt, Tech. Ser. 3, U. S. Dept. Ag,, p. 20, 1896. Cryptocampus salicis-ovum Konow, Genera Insectorum, p. 5^) '905- Enura S. ovum Weldon, Can. Ent., Sept., 1907, pp. 299 and 302.
Mar..i909] ROHWER : CRYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. 13
Female. — Length 5 mm. ; length of anterior wing 5.5 mm. Head similar to that of ordiialis Nort. Clypeus deeply, circularly eraarginate ; lobes broad, obtuse, middle fovea deep, strong, more sharply defined toward the clypeus. Antenna] fovese not large, or strongly defined. Ocellar basin not very strongly defined. Inter- ocellar furrow broad, but visible ; lateral ocellar furrows broad and not quite reach- ing the antennal fovea?. Third and fourth antennal equal or the third slightly longer ; apical antennal joint longer than the preceding, not gradually tapering, but near the apex obliquely truncated. Head closely, finely punctured, subopaque. Thorax above subopaque; the middle furrow of the middle lobe of mesonotum more distinct than usual, claws deeply cleft, inner tooth shorter than the outer, but not as short as the inner tooth of cooperte. Venation of anterior wings normal ; lower discal cell of hind wings large and exceeding the upper on the outer margin ; stigma rounded on the lower margin, tapering to apex, broadest in the middle. Sheath broad at base, straight on upper margin, obtuse at the apex. Cerci equal to or longer than the upper margin of the sheath. Black : head, except a black spot enclosing antennae and behind, prothorax, tegulse, legs entirely, abdomen except at base above and sheath, ferruginous Wings, clear hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown, costa and stigma pale yellowish, apical part of the stigma dusky.
Habitat. — 111, (Cresson and Norton, also Walsh), New York, near New York City (Beutenmiiller), Colorado (Ashm.).
The above description was drawn from a ? received from Dr, Macgillivray. It is much darker than usual, being about the color of the male. The following notes taken from Walsh's original descrip- tion give the normal color of the female : Shining reddish ferruginous ; a spot enclosing ocelli, middle part of mesonotum, base of scutellum, metanotum, basal plates and part of the first dorsal abdominal seg- ment black. Antennye bright ferruginous beneath, black at the base above, brownish toward apex. I have not seen the male of this species, but a good color description may be found in Norton's catalogue.
The gall is an oval or roundish, sessile, lateral swelling, rising gradually from the twig, not abrupt as in coopercz, etc. ; in color " pale opaque brown" (Walsh), with irregular cracks and scales. Length 8-13 mm. Found on Salix cordata Muhl. Norton states that cer- tain twigs v/ill be badly infested, having galls every few inches or half inches even, while other twigs will be entirely free.
"Larva pale yellowish, with a pale fuscous head and dark eye spots ; removed from the gall it uses its legs freely " (Norton).
Here again I must doubt Dr. Ashmead's record from Colorado. It was probably founded on the gall as was Professor Cockerell's. In working over the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College I found no specimens of salicis-oviim, and feel sure that Mr. Weldon did not have the galls of salicis-ovum, but rather cooperce. or a closely allied
14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvn.
species, as the galls are not those of salicis-ovum, but of the cooper<z group.
5. Cryptocampus salicis-ovulum (Walsh).
Entira salicis-ovuhini Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., vi, 1866, p. 253 [original
description in which only the gall and larva are described]. Crvplocavtpus salicis-oviiliitH Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., i, 1894, p. 278.
This species was described from the gall and larva. The gall is like ovum Walsh, but is found on Salix huinilis. The larvse differ in color from those oi s.-ovum.
This may be a distinct species, but it is quite probable that it is merely s.-ovum. Till it is bred and the adult compared it will stand as a hindrance to workers. I do not think, however, it should be en- tirely overlooked, as some workers have been inclined to do.
6. Cryptocampus albirictus (Cresson).
Entira albiiicta Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 4, 1S80.
Eniira albiricta MacG., Can. Ent., Vol. xxv. No. 10, Oct., 1893, p. 237.
Cryptocampus albirictus Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., Vol. i, 1894, p. 274.
Enura albiricta Marl., Tech. Ser. 3, U. S. Dept. Ag., p. 20, 1906.
Female. — "Shining black; head broad, posterior orbits tiull testaceous; spot beneath eyes, clypeus, labrum, and mandibles, except tips, pale testaceous; wings hyaline, iridescent, base of stigma pale ; tegulce and legs pale testaceous, middle of femora more or less, tips of posterior tibije and tarsi except base, blackish. Length .15 inch" (4 mm.). Original description.
Habitat. — Nevada (Morrison); Washington (Kincaid).
I have not seen the above species. There is a specimen in the Colorado Agricultural College collection which was labeled albiricta with a query. It has the posterior orbits black, no pale spot beneath the eyes ; base of stigma black, subopaque ; length 5 mm. It is prob- ably a good species. It was collected in Larimer Co., Colo., July 2, 1896, by Prof. C. P. Gillette.
7. Cryptocampus insularis (Kincaid).
Enura insularis Kincaid, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc, 1904, p. 352.
Cryptocampus insularis Konow, Genera Insectorum, 1905, p. 51.
'■'■Female. — Length 4.5 to 5 mm.; slender, shining; clypeus very deeply and narrowly emarginate ; ridges about ocellar area distinctly raised, but rounded ; frontal crest broad, rounded, with a narrow notch in the middle; antennal fovea" (middle fovea) " small, circular, moderately excavated ; antennae short, slender, third and fourth joints subequal ; outer veins of discal cells in hind wings interstitial ; stigma rounded at base, tapering to an acute point ; tarsal claws slender, subequal ; sheath stout at base, rather sharply rounded at apex. Color black ; labrum, base of mandi- bles, tips of coxae, trochanters, tips of femora, tibiae except apices of posterior pair, and anterior and middle tarsi, testaceous.
Mar., iQog.] ROHWER : CrYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. 15
^' j\/ale. — Length 4.0; resembles female in general structural characters; antennse longer, stouter at base, tapering sharply ; procidentia well developed, pro- jecting, rounded at the apex ; hypopygium sharply rounded at tip. Color black ; flagel- lum of antenna", labrura, tip of clypeus, base of mandibles, spot beneath eyes extend- ing upwards on inner orbits, testaceous ; legs colored as in the female.
"Twelve females and two males, Popof Island, July 9-15.
"Type no. 5301 U. S. National Museum.
" Swept from willow bushes.
"Allied to Emira salicicola Smith, but in that species the ridges about the ocellar area are obsolete, the frontal crest is broad and flat and the sheath is broadly rounded at the apex. In both sexes of Enura salicicola the antennae are more or less pallid, while in Enura insularis this is true only of the males" (original description).
I have not seen this species, but it should be easily recognized by the above description.
8. Cryptocampus salicis-nodus (Walsh).
Enura salicis-nodus Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., vi, 1866, p. 253.
Etiura salicis-nodus Nort., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, 1867, p. 52; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, ii, 1869, p. 368 (Cat., p. 222).
Cryptoca7Hpus salicis-nodus D. T. , Cat. Hym., i, 1894, p. 278.
Enura salicis-nodus Marl., Tech. Sr. 3, U. S. Dept. Agric, p. 20, 1896.
? Enura salicis-tiodus Ckll., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii, April, p. 336. [Records gall from Las Vegas, N. M. This is perhaps /;-o//«^/<«^ Roh.]
Cryptocainptis nodus Knw., Genera Insectorum, p. 51, 1905 [in a list of species].
Enura salicis-nodus Weldon, Can. Ent., xxxix, Sept., 1907, p. 296. [Gives a description of macgillivrayi Roh. under this name.]
Enura s. nodus Jarvis, 38th Annual Rept. of Ent. Soc. of Ontario, 1907, p. 89. [Records the gall from Guelph, Ontario.]
Female. — Length 5 mm. ; length of anterior wing 5 mm. Head seen from the side not quickly narrowed toward the top, evenly rounded. Clypeus shallowly, circu- larly emarginate ; lobes broad, obtuse. Antennal fovete wider below the antennae, distinct, rather large. Middle fovese, large, shallow, obtusely pointed toward clypeus, open above. Ocellar basin almost wanting, indicated only by five raised lines. Inter- ocellar furrow broad, not very distinct ; lateral ocellar furrow almost wanting, not as plain as the interocellar furrow. Frontal crest not very strong, notched in the middle. Third and fourth antennal joints equal ; apical joint equal to or slightly longer than the preceding one, tapering to apex. Ocellar region of the head rather strongly rugose. Middle lobeof mesonotum finely punctured, the middle furrow quite distinct. Mesopleurse highly polished. Claws deeply cleft, teeth subequal. Venation normal. Sheath broad, straight on the upper margin, obliquely, roundly truncate at the apex. Cerci not extending beyond sheath. Black : head, except a large spot enclosing ocelli (this spot sometimes extends from the antennae to the occiput) and behind, prono- tum, tegulse, entire legs, ventral part and apical dorsal segments of abdomen, sheath except apex, base of cerci (the abdomen is sometimes entirely rufo-ferruginous),
16 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvil
bright riifo-ferruginoHS. Antennae rufous beneath. Wings hyaline (but not clear), strongly iridescent; venation pale brown, base of stigma and costa pallid to pale yel- lowish.
Alale. — In general the male agrees with the female. The ocellar basin is indi- cated by a shallow depression around the anterior ocellus. There is also a depression between the lateral ocelli. The apical antennal joint is shorter than the preceding one. The hypopygium is long, extending beyond the apex of the abdomen and is rather sharp at the apex. The antennas are largely rufo-ferruginous. The stigma is paler brown than in the female.
Habitat. — 111., N. Y. (Norton) ; Canada (Jarvis).
The above description was drawn up from a J^ and 9 received from the U. S. National Museum.
" The gall is found on S. longifolia. A mere gradual enlargement of the twig, from one fourth more than its normal diameter up to twice its normal diameter, almost always without any roughness on the exter- nal bark ; general color that of the twig.
^^ Larva. — August 23 the larva is 20-footed. Color pale green- ish-white, with the mouth dark and the usual eye spots. Length about 0.15 inch" (4 mm.). [Walsh through Norton.]
The bright livery of this species should help in its determination.
9. Cryptocampus macgillivrayi, new species.
Enura salicis-nodus Weldon, Can. Ent., xxxix, Sept., 1 907, p. 286.
Female. — Length 6 mm. ; length of anterior wing 6 mm. Head seen from the side narrowed toward occiput. Clypeus shallowly, circularly emarginate ; lobes broad, obtusely rounded. Antennal foveoe large below the antennae, middle fovea elongate, deep, open at the top. Ocellar basin shallow, large, walls sharply raised. A line-like furrow from lower ocellus to frontal crest. Frontal crest rather strong, slightly broken in the middle. Interocellar furrow wanting ; lateral ocellar furrow indicated by a broad, elongate fovea. Third antennal joint slightly longer than the fourth, apical joint tapering, a little longer than the preceding joint. Ocellar area finely granular. Middle lobe of mesonotum finelydenticulate, middle furrow strong for anterior half. Mesopleurse highly polished. Claws deeply cleft, inner tooth much shorter than outer so as to give the appearance of having a large inner tooth. Vena- tion normal or the lower discal cell of hind wings is large and extends beyond the upper. Stigma elongate, rounded on the lower margin, tapering usually to an acute tip, although it is sometimes very slightly truncated. Sheath not very broad, trun- cated at apex, sides subparallel. Cerci as long as or longer than the sheath. Bright rufo-ferruginous : basal two thirds of the antennae, small spot about ocelli, spot on middle lobe of mesonotum, spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum sometimes, apex of scu- tellum, metanotum, margins of basal plates and apex of the sheath, black. Wings hyaline, iridescent ; venation pale brown, costa and basal two thirds of stigma white.
Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; length of anterior wing 5.5 mm. Head seen from above quadrate, seen from the side not narrowed toward occiput. Clypeus rather
Mar., 1909.] ROHWER : CrYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. 17
deeply, subangularly emarginate ; lobes broad, rounded obtusely at apex. Antennal fovese very large, extending much above the antennaj. Middle fovea elongate, deep, open at the top. Ocellar basin not as large, and better defined than in 9 ; ^o furrow from lower ocellus. Lateral ocellar furrow stronger in some specimens than in others. Third and fourth antennal joints equal ; apical joint tapering, shorter, or occasionally as long as the preceding joint. Sculpture of head and thorax as in 9 • Inner tooth of claws shorter than in 9- Venation as in 9- Procidentia rounded at tip, quite prominent. Hypopygium rounded at the tip. Black : head below the antennae, inner orbits sometimes, posterior and superior orbits broadly, pronotum, tegulse, legs except extreme bases of coxas, venter of abdomen (sometimes dusky basally) bright rttfo-femiginous. Apical three or four joints of antennae ferruginous. Wings hya- line, iridescent ; venation pale brown, basal half of stigma and basal part of costa pallid to white.
Habitat. — Boulder, Colorado. Many males and females bred from galls on Salix luteosericea Rydb. Hatching in laboratory April 12—18, 1907. Two males on foliage of Salix luteosericea May 12, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer). Many males bred by G. P. Weldon from galls collected near Ft. Collins, Colorado. Mr. Weldon gives his Salix as S. fongifolia. According to Dr. Rydberg (Bull. 100 of Colo. Ag. Exp. Sta. ) longifolia does not occur in Colorado, while luteosericea is common in northern Colorado and has been taken at Ft. Collins. It is undoubtedly Salix luteosericea from which Mr. AVeldon collected his galls.
Gall a. gradual enlargement of the twig, about 30 mm. long and from 7 to 10 mm. in width. Color that of the twig. Not roughened beyond the character of the dry bark. The small galls contain but one chamber while the larger ones have two larvas, each in a separate chamber, each chamber having a separate opening. Galls may be found with three larvae, but all those I examined had either one or two. On Salix luteosericea Rydb.
Larva, about time of maturity, about 5 mm. long, of a creamy white color, with a black or dark head.
Pupa a few days before the adult emerges is about 5 mm. long (Mr. Weldon found some which were 6 mm.). For some time after the larval stage the pupa is the same color as the larva, but as the time of hatching approaches it becomes darker. The length of the pupal stage is rather short, in some cases being about two weeks.
In the laboratory the males appeared about the same time as the females, but in the field I found no females until after the males had been out two or three days. However, they may both emerge about the same time, as it is quite possible that I might overlook the female.
18 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvn.
Mr. G. P. Weldon recorded a Chalcid and Ichneumonid parasite of this species, but gave no specific determination for either. My friend, Mr. G. M. Hite, had a small Chalcid from the gall of this species this spring. Mr. J. C. Crawford, of the U. S. National Mu- seum, says it is perhaps a new species of the genus Euryioma.
The male is so very much darker and differs in the emargination of the clypeus, and the larger antennal fovese, also the shorter inner tooth of the claws, that if they had not been reared from the same gall I should hesitate to call them the same. This is a good example of di- morphism of which we have so many examples in sawflies.
At first I took this for C. s. -nodus Walsh, but it may be separated from that species by the following characters : ? , the much lighter color, the thorax being almost entirely rufo-ferruginous ; the middle fovea narrower and deeper ; the antennal joints are longer ; the sheath is more sharply truncate ; the ocellar basin is more sharply defined ; the inner tooth of the claws is shorter ; the stigma is more elongate. d^, the antennal fove^ much larger ; the ocellar basin much better defined ; the head relatively larger ; the antennae longer, the joints being much longer ; the apical antennal joint about the same length as or longer than the preceding one, etc.
I take great pleasure in naming this after Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, who first told me it was a new species.
Type in the collection of the author.
lo. Cryptocampus bebbianse, new species.
Feinale. — Length 6 mm. ; length of anterior wing 6 mm. Head not so strongly narrowed toward the occiput as in C. orbitalis Nort. Clypeus subangularly, rather shallowly emarginate ; lobes broad, triangular, obtuse at apex. Antennal fovese large, extending both above and below the antennae. Middle carina stronger than usual. Middle fovea deep, somewhat crescent-shaped, with a short longitudinal fovea in the center, which extends to the frontal crest which is broken by it. Ocellar basin seldom complete, bounded by line-like ridges whigh are always present on the lower part, and sometimes rather strong ; these ridges run to the frontal crest and form it. Interocellar furrow present and usually rather strong, slightly behind the ocelli ; lateral ocellar furrows distinct, usually running to the antennal fovese. Third and fourth antennal joints equal ; apical joint slightly longer than the preceding, scarcely tapering, obtusely rounded at the apex. Head around the ocelli finely gran- ular. Middle lobe of mesonotum closely punctured, without — or it is only slightly visible — a middle furrow. Mesopleurre highly polished. Claws deeply cleft, inner tooth much shorter than the outer. Venation normal or the lower discal cell of hind wings is a little shorter than the upper. Stigma rounded on the lower margin, broadest near base and gently tapering to the apex. Sheath rather broad, obtusely rounded at the apex, straight on the upper margin or slightly emarginate. Cerci tapering, as
Mar., ,909. 1 Rohwer: Crytocampus in Boreal North America. 19
long or slightly longer than the sheath above. Black : face below the antennae clypeus, labrum, mandibles (apex black), narrow inner orbits, posterior and superior orbits broadly (the lower posterior orbit is sometimes black), posterior angles of pro- notum, tegulne, legs (posterior tarsi dusky), abdomen except a broad dorsal band and apex of the sheath, ferrtc^inous. Palpi brownish. Apical joints of antennae beneath sometimes slightly yellowish. Wings slightly dusky hyaline, iridescent; venation brown, costa and base of stigma subpallid.
Male. -Length 5 mm. ; length of anterior wing 5.25 mm. Structurally the male is much like the female. The clypeus is sometimes more shallowly emargi- nate. The frontal crest is hardly broken. The middle fovea is rather shallow and elongate. The furrows and ocellar basin are usually more sharply defined The orbits are usually black, but sometimes they are ferruginous. The antennal joints are longer ; the apical joint is distinctly longer than the preceding one. The apex of the posterior tibae and their tarsi are black. The abdomen is either entirely black or only the apical part of the venter is ferruginous. The antennse are ferruginous beneath. Procidentia broad, rather short, truncate. Hypopygium slightly exceed- ing the abdomen, rounded at apex. Stigma and costa black.
Habitat. — Boulder, Colorado (S. A. Rohwer). Many males and females bred from galls made on Salix bebbiana (.?) . Hatching April 8-18, 1907.
GalUn abrupt elongate swelling on the twigs of Salix bebbiana; ? Color that of the twig ; when green usually smooth, but in drying thrown into shallow, broad wrinkles. It is always monothalamous. Sometimes galls are made on each side of a twig directly opposite, but usually they are made at intervals of two to three centimeters on opposite sides of the twig. In one case a gall on one side of the twig, directly opposite another gall which was matured, was stunted, giving the mature gall the appearance of an abrupt enlarge- ment of the twig at the base, gradually tapering at the apex. When the egg is laid on a very small twig, as it was in one case noticed, the gall is higher, shorter, broader and subovate. The measurements of this gall are as follows : length 11 mm. ; breadth 9 mm. ; height 8.5 mm. Disregarding the gall just measured, the length varies from 18 to 35 mm., the height at base from 8 to 11 mm., the height at apex from 4 to 6 ram., the width at base from 7 to 12 mm., the width at apex from 3 to 7 mm. The larva works downward, the base of the gall being the largest. In the largest part of the gall where the pupal stage is passed, the chamber is larger.
The larva is about 5 mm. long, creamy-white, with a dark brown head. I am not sure that the larva makes the hole through which the adult emerges in this species as it does in macgillivrayi, but think that it does not. The hole is on the side of the gall a little way above the base.
20
Journal New York Entomological Society. lvoI. xvii.
The only parasite raised from this species was Ichneiites fiilvipes Cress., determined by Mr. C. T. Brues.
Thanks are due to Dr. A. D. MacGillivray for telling me this was a new species. I had considered it to be orbitalis Nort., to which it is closely related, but it may be separated from this species by the following comparison :
C. bebbiancB n. sp. ?.
1. Clypeus shallowly emargi- nate ; lobes broad, obtusely rounded at apex.
2. Middle carina high, sharp, longer.
3. Middle fovea smaller, some- what crescent-shaped.
4. Frontal crest not so promi- nent, very slightly broken.
5. Stigma distinctly broader at the base.
6. Venation brown.
7. Orbits not nearly so broadly ferruginous, inner orbits some- times black.
C. bebbiance n. sp. cJ^.
1. Antennae reaching beyond basal plates ; apical joint longer than the preceding one.
2. Middle carina more promi- nent.
3. Interocellar furrow much stronger.
4. Orbitsalmost entirely black.
5. Stigma black.
C. orbitalis Nort. ? .
1. Clypeus deeply emarginate ; lobes rather narrow.
2. Middle carina low, short,
3. Middle fovea large, subquad- rate.
4. Frontal crest prominent, rather broadly notched in middle.
5. Stigma not very broad at the base.
6. Venation pale brown.
7. Orbits broadly ferruginous.
C. orbitalis Nort. ^.
1. Antennae not reaching be- yond the basal plates ; apical joint shorter than the preceding one.
2. Middle carina broad and low.
3. Interocellar furrow faint.
Orbits ferruginous. Stigma white at base.
Type in the author's collection.
II. Cryptocampus salicicola (E. A. Smith).
Enura salicicola E. A. Sm., N. Am. Ent., i, 6, 1879, pp. 41 and 42. Enura salicicola Cress., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, 1880, p. 37. Enura salicicola Thomas, loth Rept. of State Entomologist 111., 1880-1J
69. Cryptocampus salicicola Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., i, p. 278, 1894.
51, p.
Mar., 1909.] ROHWER : CrYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. 21
Enura salicicola Marlett, Tech. Ser. 3, U. S. Dept. Ag., p. 20, 1896.
CryptocatHpus salicicola Konow, Genera Insectorum, 1905, p. 51.
Female. — Length 5-7 mm. Head seen from the side not abruptly narrowed above, evenly rounded in front. Clypeus deeply, circularly emarginate ; lobes narrow, pointed. Middle carina not noticeable. Middle fovea very shallow, elongate, open at the top. Antennal foveie not at all strong, almost wanting. Ocellar basin very small and shallow, sometimes hardly present. Frontal crest low, unbroken. Inter- ocellar furrow faint ; lateral ocellar furrows narrow, deep, distinct, visible from near occiput to antennal fovese. Antennae rather slender ; third joint slightly exceeding the fourth ; apical joint tapering, as long as or slightly longer than the preceding one. Head and thorax finely punctured. Mesopleurte highly polished, very finely denticulated. Claws minutely cleft. Venation normal ; stigma evenly rounded on the lower margin ; if anywhere it is broader at the base. Sheath not very broad, straight above, rounded at apex, almost parallel-sided ; hairs rather long. Cerci long, tapering. Black: labrum, mandibles, tegulfe ; angles of pronotum and antennae brownish. Legs below middle of femora and the trochanters somewhat, brownish- ferruginous. Wings dusky hyaline ; venation light brown, base of stigma pale.
Male. — I have not seen the male but Smith described it as follows : " Smaller ; head with eyes larger ; abdomen nearly black ; posterior legs with the femora testa- ceous throughout, tarsi darker than in the 9 > wings with veins more deeply marked, as also the stigma. Average length 6 mm."
Habitat. — Peoria, 111. (E. A. Smith).
I regret I am unable to get the original description as it contains a description of the gall and larva. The gall is on Salix alba.'^ Eurytotna studiosa Say is parasitic on this species.
The above description of the female was drawn up from two specimens received from the U. S. National Museum. They are darker in parts than Smith's specimens but are undoubtedly the same. She describes the legs as follows : " Coxas, trochanters and basal half of femora testaceous, the remaining portions much paler."
12. Cryptocampus niger (Provancher).
Enura nigra Prov., Addit. Faun. Can. Hym., p. 346, 1888.
Cryptocampus niger Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., i, p. 277, 1889.
Enura nigra Marl., Tech. Ser. 3, U. S. Dept. Ag., p. 20.
Cryptocampus niger Knw., Genera Insectorum, p. 51, 1905.
Female. — Length 4.5 mm. ; length of anterior wing 4.5 mm. Head narrow, not strongly rounded out in front. Clypeus rather narrowly, subangularly emargi- nate ; lobes broad, rounded at the apex. Superclypeal area on each side depressed Antennal fovese inconspicuous. Middle fovea almost wanting, indicated by a narrow line. Ocellar basin bounded by rather low walls, the height of which seems to vary in different specimens. Frontal crest low, slightly broken in the middle. Inter-
* Salix alba is an introduced species. Is it possible that this may be one of the European Cryptocampi, or is it an American form that has taken to this introduced willow ?
22 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
ocellar furrow wanting; lateral ocellar furrows narrow, deep, extending from near occiput to antennal foveje. Third and fourth antennal joints equal. Head and dorsulum finely, closely punctured; head perhaps more closely so. Mesopleurse not as highly polished as usual. Claws cleft, teeth subequal. Venation normal except that the lower discal cell of the hind wings exceeds the upi er and in some speci- mens the intercostal vein is wanting ; stigma gradually tapering from near base to apex. Sheath elongate, straight above, regularly rounded at the apex, hairs rather long. Cerci not as long as sheath, not tapering. Black : legs below middle of femora brownish-ferruginous ; apices of tarsi dusky. Wings hyaline, iridescent; venation light brown, costa and basal half of stigma pallid. Male. — Unknown to me.
Habitat. — Canada (Prov.) ; Ithaca, N. Y.
The above description was drawn up from two females received from Dr. A. D. MacGillivray.
C. niger resembles salicicola E. A. Sm. but is quite distinct.
13. Cryptocampus brachycarps (Rohwer).
Enura brachycarpa Roh., Can. Ent., xl, No. 6, June, 1908, p. 176.
Female. — Length 5-5-5 'nni. ; length of the anterior wing about 5-5 ni™- Head seen from the side not abruptly narrowed toward occiput, fvenly rounded in front. Clypeus rather deeply, subangularly emarginHte ; lobes broad, rounded at apex. Antennal foveae large, broader below antennce, middle fovea deep, elongate, open at the top. Ocellar basin bounded by sharply raised walls, the lower of which is the higher. Frontal crest rather strong, with three lobes. Interocellar furrow present, not very strong; lateral ocellar furrows broad, but still sharply defined, extending from occiput to antennal foveae. Head rather sparsely punctured. Furrow of middle lobe of mesonotum distinct but not extending more than half its length. Third and fourth antennal joints equal ; apical joint not strongly tapering, equal in length to the preceding one. Mesopleurae shining. Claws deeply cleft, the inner tooth the shorter. Venation normal. Stigma rounded on lower margin, broadest a little basad to middle. Sheath rather broad, straight on upper margin, rounded at apex, hairs dense and long. Cerci not as long as the sheath above not strongly tapering. Black : lower margin of clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except tips, which are piceous, tegulse, extreme angles of pronotum sometimes, posterior and superior orbits sometimes, legs below coxje, except line on femora beneath, and apices of tibiae and tarsi sometimes, rufo- ferruginoHs. Apex of venter is in a few cases brownish. Wings hyaline, iridescent, venation brown, costa and basal third of stigma pallid.
Male. — In general the male is much like 'he female. These differences are to be noted : lateral ocellar furrows are not so strong ; the apical four joints of the an- tennse are rufo- ferruginous ; the frontal crest is not trilobate but is notched; the lower discal cell of hind wings sometimes exceeds the upper ; the stigma is elongate, ob- liquely truncate at apex ; the inner tooth of claw is shorter. Procidentia rather small, rounded at apex. Hypopygium large, rounded at apex. Length 4-5 mm.
Habitat. — Florissant, Colo. (Roh.); Ute Creek, Costilla Co., Colo., July 7, 1907, alt. 9000 ft. ( R. W. Dawson).
Mar., 1909.] ROHWER : CrYTOCAMPUS IN BOREAL NORTH AMERICA. 23
The supposed gall of this species is much like the gall of C. cooperce Ckll. It is on Salix brachycarpa.
The adult is very different from C. cooperce, easily distinguished by being darker, the different shaped stigma, etc. In color it is much like C. albirictus Cress., but is larger. There is no testaceous spot between the eyes, etc.
14. Cryptocampus parvus (Rohwer).
Eniira ininuata Waldon, Can. Ent., Sept., 1907, p. 302, xxxix.
Enura parva Roll., Can. Ent., xl, No. 6, June, I907, p. 176.
Female. — Length 3.5 mm. ; length of anterior wing 3.5 mm. Head seen from the side is gently rounded in front. Clypeus rather shallowly, circularly emarginate ; lobes broad, subobtuse. Antennal fovese not strong. Middle fovea rather deep, elongate. Ocellar basin wanting. Above the frontal crest there is a shallowly de- pressed area. Frontal crest rounded, very genily emarginate in the middle. Ocellar furrows not strongly defined, almost wanting. Third and fourth antennal joints equal ; apical joint tapering, equal in length with the preceding ; fourth and fifth joints with a little spine at apex above. Head and dorsulum finely, closely punc- tured. Claws minutely cleft ; teeth equal or subequal. Venation normal. Stigma rounded on lower margin, rather acuminate. Sheath straight above, parallel-sided, rounded at the apex ; hairs rather long and dense. Cerci slightly tapering, longer than the sheath above. Dark brownish-black to black ; face below frontal crest, clypeus, labrum, mandibles (apices piceous), inner orbits narrowly, posterior and superior orbits broadly, angles of pronotum, tegulse, legs entirely, abdomen except a broad brownish band above and the sheath, reddish-yellow. Antennae brownish be- neath. Wings hyaline, not strongly iridescent ; venation pale brown, costa and stigma pallid.
Habitat. — Ft. Collins, Colo. (April and May).
This species should be easily recognized by its small size. It is most closely related to s. -nodus Walsh, but is quite distinct from that species.
15. Cryptocampus maurus, new species.
Female. — Length 4 mm. ; length of anterior wing 4 mm. Head rounded, rather small. Short, robust species. Clypeus shallowly emarginate ; lobes broad, rounded at apex. Antennal fove^ large, deep, broader above the antennae. Middle fovea distinct, elongate, open above. Ocellar basin shallow, walls low, rounded. Frontal crest deeply notched. Interocellar furrow evident ; lateral ocellar furrows distinct from level of ocelli to antennal foveas. Antennae rather short ; third and fourth joints equal ; apical joint slightly rounded beneath, equal in length to preceding ones. Head rather finely, closely punctured. Dorsulum shining. Claws deeply cleft, inner tooth shorter. Venation of fore wings normal ; upper discal cell of hind wings small, greatly exceeded by the lower one on the outer margin. Stigma broadest at base, tapering to apex. Sheath distinctly emarginate above, broad at base, long, obliquely tapering to a rounded apex. Cerci as long as sheath above, thick for basal third, thinner the rest of the way. Black : labrum, mandibles, legs below femora (tarsi in-
21 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvn.
fuscated), and trochanters ^rf7w^^>/^. Wings hyaline, somewhat iridescent; venation brown, basal half or third of stigma subpallid.
Male. — Length 3.75 mm. ; length of anterior wing 4 mm. Robust. In gen- eral much like the female, but differs as follows : Antennae longer ; walls of occllar basin sharply defined ; interocellar furrow placed near occiput and stronger ; lateral ocellar furrows distinct to occiput ; head more distinctly punctured ; stigma broader and rounded on the lower margin. Procidentia rather small, truncate at apex. Hy- popygium obtusely rounded at apex, rather large.
Habitat. — A (^ and '^ , Tolland, Colo., alt. 888g ft., June 7, 1908 (S. A. Rohwer). Swept from Saiix sp. A very distinct species. Type in the author's collection.
16. Cryptocampus propinquus, new species.
Enura orbitalis Ckll., The Southwest, Vol. 2, 5 March, 1 900, p. 113.
Male. — Length 5 mm. ; length of anterior wing 4.5 mm. Head seen from the side rounded in front. Clypeus very shallowly emarginate ; lobes low and broad. Antennal fovese large, deep. Middle fovea distinct, elongate, open at the top. Ocel- lar basin with low but sharply defined walls. Interocellar furrow distinct ; lateral ocellar furrows deep, distinct from occiput to antennal fovese. Antennae wanting in the type. Head closely and rather coarsely granular. Dorsulum not as coarsely sculp- tured as head, apparently punctured ; furrow of middle lobe of mesonotum distinct for half the length of the dorsulum. Claws not very deeply cleft ; teeth subequal. Venation normal. Stigma a little wider at base, gently tapering to the apex. Proci- dentia rather broad, rounded at angles, truncate across apex. Hypopygium rather sharper at the apex than usual. Black : lower margin of clypeus, labrum, mandibles, (apices piceous), lower inner orbits, middle carina, superior and upper posterior orbits, spot on angle of pronotum, tegula, legs below coxae (apex of posterior tibiae and their tarsi infuscated), apical part of venter of abdomen, bright rediiis/i-yelloiu. Wings hyaline, iridescent, venation brown, including the stigma.
Habitat. — Near Las Vegas, N. M. (Mary Cooper). "Saiix gall 61."
Gal/ an enlargement of twig, abruptly so at base. The gall before me contained two insects and is not evenly developed on both sides. It reminds me of the abnormal gall of C. bebbiance Roh. It is on Salix sp. (The bark when dry is brownish-red.) If this gall is an abnor- mal one and as a rule is an abrupt, lateral, elongate swelling, the species is most closely related to bebbiance Roh., from which it may be sepa- rated by the foregoing table. If the gall is normal it is related most closely to macgiliivrayi 'R.oh., from which it maybe known by the dark stigma, the deep lateral ocellar furrows, the more shallowly emar- ginated clypeus, etc.
Type in the author's collection.
17. Cryptocampus perditus (Rohwer).
Enura pei'dita Roh., Can. Ent.
Mar., 1909.] Wheeler : Ants from Victoria, Australia. 25
The description of this species has been sent to the "Canadian Entomologist." The only specimen I have is a male without a head. It may be briefly characterized as follows : Black, opaque ; tegulge, extreme angles of pronotum, legs orange-color or almost that dark. Venation normal, pale brown ; stigma a little paler at base, obliquely truncate at apex with the lower margin rounded. Procidentia narrow, truncate at apex ; hypopygium obtuse at apex.
Habitat. — Delta and Ft. Collins, Colo. Type in the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College.
A very distinct species easily separated by the foregoing table.
A SMALL COLLECTION OF ANTS FROM VIC- TORIA, AUSTRALIA.
By William Morton Wheeler, Boston, Mass.
The following ants were collected by Mr. Charles F. Rawsey at Camberwell, Victoria, in a "hot, fairly dry, hilly area, with sandy (granite) soil and poor, scrubby vegetation ( ' box-timber ' ) . " There are no new species in the collection, but as it comprises a few hitherto unknown sexual forms, was made in a new locality, and is accompanied by some interesting notes, it is well worth recording.
PONERlNyE.
I. Ectatomma (Rhytidoponera) socrus Forel.
Worker. — Length II-13 mm.
Head longer than broad, somewhat broader in front than behind, with straight, subparallel sides, excised posterior margin, prominent, slightly recurved infero-pos- terior angles and a prominent, transverse postocular crest, obtusely angular on the sides and interrupted in the middle. Eyes large, very prominent, hemispherical, just behind the middle of the head. Mandibles flattened, with deflected, pointed tips and straight inner borders furnished with numerous teeth of different sizes and irregular distribution. Clypeus broadly rounded in front. Frontal carinse continued back to the middle of the head. Frontal area distinct. Antennal scapes surpassing the cor- ners of the postocular crest by about one third their length. Funicular joints slender, second joint longer than first. Pronotum behind with an indistinct protuberance on each side and an acute anteriorly directed spine on its antero-inferior corner. Pro- mesonotal and mesoepinotal sutures distinct but only slightly impressed. Petiole from above one and one half times as long as broad, about twice as broad through the node as through the peduncle ; in profile with a powerful, downwardly-directed anteroven-
2() Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
tral spine, and with flattened, vertical anterior and posterior surfaces and horizontal dorsal surface to the node. Seen from behind the node is evenly rounded on the sides and above. Gaster rather short, convex dorsally, with subequal first and second segments. Legs rather long.
Subopaque ; mandibles densely and finely striated and sparsely punctate. Cly- peus and upper surface of head coarsely rugose and covered with gross foveae which often lie in rows between the rug?e. The latter are longitudinal on the clypeus and front, but transverse on the occiput. Cheeks opaque, granular, with smaller and more scattered fovege. Thorax and coxk granular, the former transversely rugulose with scattered fovese like those on cheeks. Petiole a little smoother and more shining, with shallower fovese. Gaster coarsely shagreened and sparsely punctate, the first segment arcuately and finely rugulose.
Hairs fulvous, short, erect ; scattered on the body, somewhat more conspicuous on the legs and antennal scapes.
Piceous black ; mandibles, maxillse, tip of gaster, antennse and legs, including the coxae, reddish.
Alale. — Length 1 1 mm.
Head, including the eyes, about as long as broad, rounded behind, without any traces of the posterior angles or postocular crest. Mandibles well-developed, similar to those of the worker. Antennae long and slender, scapes fully two thirds as long as the second funicular joint, first funicular joint as long as broad ; joints 2-12 elongate, gradually diminishing in length distally. Pronotum with prominent infero- lateral spines like the worker. Mesonotum and scutellum convex; epinotum flattened as in the worker. Petiole about two and one half times as long as broad, but little narrower in front than behind, with prominent ventral spine and anterosuperior angles and a low, rounded node. Gaster more slender than that of worker. Legs long and slender.
Opaque ; mandibles finely and densely striated. Head and clypeus reticulate- rugulose throughout, the former foveolate posteriorly. Pronotal sculpture like that of the worker. Remainder of thorax more coarsely reticulate-rugose than the head, rugae on base of epinotum longitudinal. Petiole and gaster somewhat shining, shagreened.
Pilosity and color as in the worker, posterior gastric segments broadly yellow at the base. Wings infuscated, with black stigma.
Six workers and two males, taken from a "small, red mound in clay soil. Digging disclosed a mass of small twigs or pieces of sticks, apparently arranged in order and covered and intermixed with clay to produce a regular formation, possibly for roofing or giving stability. Slaters [land Isopods] were found in the chambers with the ants, also a few workers of white ants."
This species, which is allied to E. scabriwi Mayr, 7iiayri Emery and cristatum Mayr, was based on workers from Charters Towers, Queensland (Forel, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., XXXVIII, 1894, p. 236).
2. Ectatomma (Rhytidoponera) metallicum F. Smith.
Eight workers and a male. According to Mr. Rawsey, the sting
Mar.,1909.] Wheeler: Ants from Victoria, Australia. 27
of this species, which is often found associated with Cremastogaster rufotesiacea and In'doiiiyrinex detcctus, especially in inhabited or de- serted nests of the latter species, is "followed by a slightly painful and persistent itch."
3. Myrmecia nigriceps Mayr.
Four typical workers.
4. Myrmecia pyriformis F. Smith.
Seven workers and two large larvae. This is the " black bull-ant " and, according to Mr. Rawsey, is much less abundant in the mountains of Victoria than the preceding species, "the red bull-ant." The larvae resemble those of M. gulosa in my collection and are shaped like the larvae of Stigmatomma pallipes. They are fully 2 cm. long, non- tuberculate and covered with short, sparse hairs.
MyRMICIN/E.
5. Cremastogaster sordidula dispar Forel.
Five workers, two females and three males which agree perfectly with Forel' s description. There is no trace of a longitudinal furrow in the postpetiole of the worker. The specimens were " turned up accidentally in a spadeful of earth."
DOLICHODER^N^.
6. Tapinoma minutum Mayr.
Several workers and two dealated females. The latter measure 4.5 mm. and are very slender, "Obtained from a mound i ft. by i^ ft. in diameter, at foot of gum-tree. "
7. Iridomyrmex detectus F. Smith.
Six workers and two males. This beautifully iridescent species seems to be common in all parts of Australia and does not vary to any considerable extent. It builds large, sandy mounds, sometimes several feet in diameter. Mr. Rawsey "counted 17 such mounds connected on a hot day by one stream of ants," indicating that a single colony extends over several nests. He states that the workers are harmless, /. e., do not sting and that their bite is a " mere pinch."
8. Iridomyrmex bicknelli Emery.
Nine workers without noticeable differences from the typical form of the species. Taken from nests "at roots of ' tussock ' (a poor, but clumpy grass)."
28 Journal New York Entomological Society. Voi.xvii.
9. Iridomyrmex nitidus Mayr.
IVorker. — Length 4.5-5 mm.
Head, excluding the mandibles, about one fourth longer than broad, narrowed posteriorly and anteriorly. Posterior margin clearly excised. Eyes distinctly in front of the middle. Mandibles with numerous teeth. Clypeus with broadly rounded anterior margin. Frontal area large, and, like the frontal groove, indistinct. Anten- nal scapes surpassing the posterior corners of the head by about one sixth their length ; joints I, 2 and II of the funiculus fully twice as long as broad, remaining joints but little longer than broad, subequal. Thorax slender, pronotum distinctly narrower than the head, somewhat protuberant but flattened, broader than long ; mesonotum regularly elliptical, one and one half times as long as broad. Mesoepinotal con- striction deep and broad, flattened at the bottom. Epinotum long, with subequal base and declivity, the former flat in profile and falling off abruptly in front, with a vertical surface as long as the length of the mesoepinotal depression with which it forms a right angle. Declivity forming a rounded, obtuse angle with the base. Petiole higher but narrower than the epinotum, with flattened posterior and slightly convex anterior surface and rounded border, slightly produced in the middle above. Legs rather long.
Smooth and shining throughout ; very finely, sparsely, and indistinctly punctate ; mandibles subopaque, more densely but finely punctate.
Hairs and pubescence grayish, the former short, suberect or erect and scattered longer on the trunk, inconspicuous or lacking on the antennal scapes and legs. Pubescence very sparse, most distinct on the gaster, but not concealing the shining surface.
Dark chestnut brown ; mandibles, clypeus, tarsi, articulations of legs, neck, mouth-parts, lower surface of head, thorax and petiole, brownish-yellow.
Female. — Length 8.5 mm.
Head similar to that of worker, but with somewhat sharper posterior corners and the clypeus bluntly but distinctly carinate. Thorax long and through the wing in- sertions considerably broader than the head. Prothorax with rounded sides sloping gradually forward to the neck. Mesonotum longer than broad. Epinotum rounded, without distinct basal and declivous surfaces. Petiole thick anteroposteriorly, espe- cially at the base, but becoming suddenly more attenuated towards the apex in profile, with flattened posterior surface and faintly notched superior border. Legs long and stout.
Less shining than the worker; finely and indistinctly punctate. Mandibles sub- opaque and densely punctate.
Hairs and pubescence grayish, both much more abundant than in the worker and concealing the shining surface. The scapes and legs with erect hairs like those on the body.
Dark chestnut brown, nearly black, mandibles, clypeus and tarsi reddish. Ante- rior half of pronotum dull orange. Wings smoky brown, with brown veins and stigma and a single cubital cell.
Male. — Length 3.5 mm.
Head, excluding the mandibles, a little longer than broad, subrectangular. Mandibles bidentate, the terminal tooth very long and acute; eyes in front of the middle ; cheeks short, slightly concave ; posterior corners of head rounded ; clypeus
Mar., 1909.] Wheeler : Ants from Victoria, Australia, 29
like that of the worker. Antenn?e with scape nearly as long as the funicular joints I and 2 together, first funicular joint a little longer than broad, remaining joints cylin- drical, growing shorter distally. Thorax robust and very convex in the pronotal region, which is distinctly longer than broad. Scutellum projecting, nearly as long as broad. Epinotum similar to that of the female. Petiole like that of the worker^ Outer genital lamellae triangular, with broadly rounded tips, median appendages with finger-shaped process bent at a right angle, inner appendages somewhat uncinate, convex dorsally and concave ventrally.
Shining, sparsely and very finely punctate, mandibles and clypeus more densely punctate.
Deep black, antennae and legs piceous, wings considerably paler than in the female.
Described from six workers and single male and female speci- mens, " found inside bark of dead bottle-brush; characteristic rank smell very strong."
Camponotin.^..
10. Acantholepis (Stigmacros) clivispina Forel.
Six workers and a dealated female agree very well with Forel' s description of this species. They were found in the " deserted por- tion (old workings) of a white ant's nest."
11. Camponotus nigriceps F. Smith.
" Several soldiers and worl^ers. This ant is the ' sugar ant ' com- monly found in houses, but it comes forth to forage in the evening. The specimens sent were found remote from towns." Among these was a female specimen of a small myrmecophilous cricket {Myrmeco- phila ^;/a//'d'//> Tepper).*
12. Camponotus testaceipes F. Smith.
Soldiers, workers, males and a female from two colonies. Two Jassids (one immature) were found associated with the specimens in one of the nests.
* See Tapper, Note on a Genus of Gryllidae new to South Australia, and de- scription of a new species of Myrmecophila, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., XX, 1896, pp. 149-151-
30 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
A SHORT SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF OCHO- D^US INHABITING THE UNITED STATES.
By H. C. Fall, Pasadena, Cm..
Including the two new species described in the present paper, the number of species of Ochodceus known from within our faunal limits is now nineteen. As the last review of the genus, that by Dr. Horn in the Transactions of the Am. Ent. Soc, 1876, dealt with only eight species a new synoptic table is believed to be opportune, and in order that the student may be for many purposes relieved of the necessity of consulting the scattered descriptions, reference is made to the principal distinguishing characters of all previously described species.
In the following table I have drawn less upon the form of the mentum, and more on the cephalic armature and form of the sutural angle of the elytra, as these latter characters may be more quickly and accurately verified, the true form of the anterior portion of the mentum being frequently difficult of determination. The order of species will therefore be found to differ somewhat from that of Horn,
Table of Species.
1. Elytra punctate striate , 2.
Elytra not punctate striate 9.
2. Mentum elevated in the form of a transverse wedge.
Presternum strongly lobed in front, external outline of mandibles broadly arcuate, sutural angle of elytra dentiform, basal joint of hind tarsi thickened, arcuate and longer than the following joints united i. pectoralis Lee.
Presternum not lobed in front, external outline of mandibles ogival, sutural angles of elytra not dentiform, basal joint of hind tarsi slender and shorter
than the remainder 2. gnatho Fall.
Mentum flat or concave 3.
3. Front or clypeus not at all tuberculate 4.
Front with a distinct more or less acute or dentiform tubercle, except in pnesidii...'] .
4. Sutural angle of elytra not dentiform 5.
Sutural angle of elytra dentiform ; upper tooth of front tibiae nearer to the middle
tooth than to the base 6.
5. Vertex not carinate ; mentum deeply longitudinally impressed ; elytral striae feebly
impressed and finely punctured. Posterior tibiae of male with an acute tooth at middle, posterior femora of male without apical tooth 3. simplex Lee.
Mar., igog.l FaLL : SYNOPSIS OF OCHODyEUS. 31
Posterior tibice of male with a more or less sharply defined tooth or angulation at apical fourth ; posterior femora with unciform tooth at apex.
4. planifrons Schaef. Posterior tibice of male "slightly dilated at middle"; posterior femora not
toothed at apex 5. tilkei Horn-
Vertex with more or less distinct short transverse carina ; elytral striae more deeply impressed and less finely punctured. Mentum as long as wide, rather deeply longitudinally impressed in front, more broadly so posteriorly ; posterior femora of male with apical unciform tooth ; posterior tibias of male with an acute tooth just behind the middle.
6. tnusculus Say.
Mentum transverse, not impressed, posterior femora of male toothed at apex ;
posterior tibiae of male simple 7. siriatus Lee.
6. Color uniform, but varying from brownish to testaceous.
Vertex of male with a transverse carina, which is feebler or sometimes lacking in the female. Vertical carina short, interrupted at middle ; frontal lobe not margined.
8. inartnatus Schaef. Vertical carina longer, not interrupted at middle ; frontal lobe strongly
margined 9. kansanush^. nov.
Vertex not carinate in either sex.
Frontal margin (male) elevated each side into a small acute tubercle ; hind femora of male toothed on lower edge at apical third.. 10. biarmatus Lee. Frontal margin and hind femora simple in both sexes.
II. peninstdaris Horn.
Head and thorax black, elytra dull brownish yellow, under surface and legs
piceous 12. calif ornicus Horn.
7. Front not distinctly tuberculate, the upper or posterior cariniform margin of the
frontal lobe merely a little more prominent at middle ; hind tibia; flattened,
parallel, and about one third as wide as long (male) 13. pmsidii Bates.
Front tuberculate 8.
8. Frontal lobe broad, the tubercle at the anterior margin.
Hind tibse broadly flattened and compressed, about one half as wide as long
(male) 14. repandus sp. nov.
Hind tibae normal 15, nimius Fall.
Frontal lobe more strongly advanced, the tubercle more or less remote from the margin. Mandibles almost evenly arcuate externally, frontal lobe truncate.
16. frontalis Lee. Mandibles subangulate and sinuate externally, frontal lobe arcuate.
Mentum rather deeply emarginate at apex, the lateral angles acute ; frontal tubercle strongly developed, forming a short stout horn.
17. mandibidaris Linell.
Mentum with a small faint emargination at apex, the lateral angles rounded;
frontal tubercle small 18. sparsus Lee.
9. Form elongate; hind trochanters spined, one spur of both middle and hind tib^
pectinate 19. estriatus Schaef.
32 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii
1. 0. pectoralis Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1868, p. 51.
The mental wedge is in this species as wide at summit as at base, the summit not or but feebly emarginate, the front face longitudinally a little concave, the rear face nearly flat. Using the phraseology of Dr. Horn the clypeal margin is narrowly double ; that is to say, it is slightly thickened or elevated with a well defined upper margin. The head is without elevations. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.
The species is rare in collections and I have seen only males. It occurs in New Mexico and Arizona.
2. 0. gnatho Fall., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1907, p. 247.
The mental wedge is much thinner at base (from front to back) than in pec/ora/is, the summit emarginate and much narrower than the base, the front face concave from top to bottom instead of from side to side. There is a small tubercle at the middle of the clypeal margin and behind this there is a slight concavity. The extraordi- nary width of the head in conjunction with the strongly produced mandibles constitute the most striking features of this species ; the prothorax is also relatively wider as compared with the elytra than usual. The following measurements (in hundredths of an inch) ex- press these relations exactly, like measurements of my single example oi pectoralis being given for comparison.
Gnatho (type). Gnatho.
New Mexico. Yuma, Ariz. Pectoralis.
Widthofhead 10. i 7.8 6.8
" prothorax 13-9 10.2 II-3
" elytra 13.7 10.4 13.9
" head relative to that of elytra.. .73 .73 .49
The type from Mesilla, New Mexico, and several nearly similar examples from Yuma, Arizona, are all that are known to me. The length varies from 5.5 to 7.5 mm.
3. 0. simplex Lee, Proc. Acad., 1854, p. 222.
No male of this species is at hand and the tabular characters are taken from Horn's Synopsis. The propygidial carinae are said by Horn to be exactly parallel, but I find them to be a little divergent in front, though very nearly parallel posteriorly. The upper tooth of the front tibia is small and much nearer the base than to the median tooth. The elytral intervals are wide, the strise very feebly impressed and the strial punctures less conspicuously larger than those of the in-
Mar., 1909.] Fall : Synopsis of Ochod.bus. 33
tervals than in the greater number of species. The length as given by LeConte is 8 mm. ; by Horn 5-6.5 mm., but it must be remem- bered that the measurements of the latter author extend from the ante- rior margin of the prothorax to the tip of the elytra only.
The species is known from Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and Nevada.
4. 0. planifrons Schaef., Can. Ent., 1906, p. 269.
In the single male example at hand, the elytral striae are feebly im- pressed, the intervals nearby flat and the strial punctures but little larger than those of the intervals. The mentum is deeply longitudi- nally impressed, the channel of nearly equal width throughout. Ac- cording to Schaeffer the female differs from the male in having the hind tibiae simple, the hind femora with a smaller and more obtuse apical tooth, and the clypeus slightly broader. The species is of ave- rage size ; it occurs in the Huachuca Mts. of southern Arizona.
5. 0. ulkei Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1876, p. 182.
This species was described from a single specimen from Nevada in the Ulke collection, and I have not been able to obtain an example. There is in the LeConte collection a New Mexican specimen placed beside the u//:fi label which I suspect is the real thing. It has the simple head and nearly parallel propygidial lines as described by Horn, and the hind tibiae are obtusely angulate on the lower edge behind the middle (said in the description to be slightly dilated at the middle). In common with the two preceding species, the elytral striae are feeble and unusually finely punctate. The longitudinal impression of the mentum is " very deep, the angles elevated when viewed from beneath and the tip not perceptibly emarginate." Horn gives the length as 5 mm.
6. 0- musculus Say {Ba/ioceras), Boston Jour., 1837, p. 178.
Opacus Lee, 9, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1868, p. 51. Americanus Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. London, Ser. II, 2, p. 66.
There are no characters of importance to add to those used in the synoptic table. The species is of medium size and of a rather dark ferruginous brown color when mature. It is a well known species of more eastern range than any other — if we except the Florida record iox frontalis — and with this exception is the only species that has occurred east of the Mississippi. Horn records it from Michigan, Dakota and Nebraska ; it is known to me also from western Indiana, Illinois, Kansas and Manitoba (Winnipeg).
34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
7. 0. striatus Lee, Proc. Acad., 1854, p. 222.
Size, color and form of musculus^ the frontal lobe is not margined, however, and the elytral striae are better marked than in viusculus. The species seems to be rare in collections. There are two examples in the LeConte collection, both from Arizona. Horn gives also New Mexico,
8. 0. inarmatus Schaef., Can. Ent,, 1906, p. 270.
A rather large species, though as usual variable in size, of a brownish ferruginous color as in musculus. Schaeffer describes the mentum as being "deeply longitudinally impressed from base to apex," but in my only representative of the species it would be more accurately described as flat posteriorly, deeply abruptly impressed in front, the channel narrowing and growing shallower behind, disap- pearing before reaching the basal margin. The femora and tibiae are entirely unarmed in all known specimens and Mr. Schaeffer remarks that what he takes to be the females differ from the males only in having the head less distinctly carinate and hardly at all impressed before and behind the carina. The teeth of the anterior tibiae are subequidistant, the upper tooth well developed and much more remote from the base than from the middle tooth. My single example measures 7.5 mm. in length. The species occurs in the Huachuca Mts. of Arizona.
9. 0. kansanus, new species.
Oblong oval, moderately robust, testaceous, with short semi-erect pale hairs. Labrum moderately emarginate. Mentum longitudinally impressed from apex to base, the channel broader and less deep posteriorly. Frontal lobe with strong carin- iform upper margin, vertex with a smooth transverse carina which is longer and well developed in the male, shorter and less developed or subobsolete in the female, head scarcely granulose, the punctures not dense and nearly simple, at least in the male. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, surface moderately densely granulose, me- dian line feebly impressed in posterior half. Elytra about one eighth longer than wide, twice as long as, and not or but very slightly wider than the prothorax ; strise moderately impressed, the intervals irregularly, subtriseriately punctate, the punc- tures nearly as coarse as those of the stride ; sutural angle dentiform. Upper tooth of front tibiae strong, remote from the base, and rather nearer the middle tooth than the latter is to the apical one. Femora and tibi8e simple in both sexes. Basal joint of hind tarsus subequal in length to the three following. Length 4-6 mm. ; width 2.2- Z-i mm.
Habitat. — Hamilton Co., Kansas (Snow); McPherson, Kansas (Knaus); Las Vegas, New Mexico (Fenyes).
Mar., 1909.] Fall : Synopsis of OcHODiEus. 35
This species is apparently not rare in Kansas, at least it has been taken in considerable numbers both by the late Professor Snow and by Mr. Knaus. It has perhaps been confused in collections with biar- matus. I have considered the possibility of this species being the duplex of LeConte, unrecognized by Horn, who at the time of writing declared that he could find no type. The brief tabular char- acters given by LeConte constitute the only description and are as fol- lows : " Middle lobe of front scarcely or not at all margined ; elytral strice deep, strongly punctured, head with two transverse ridges." The size is given as 6 mm. and the type is said to be from Texas (Ulke Coll. ). In kansanus the front is very distinctly margined and the elytral striae are not especially strongly punctured ; there is there- fore little probability that the two are identical. I however wrote to Dr. Holland, of the Carnegie Museum, asking if the Ulke collection contained the type of duplex, but have received no answer to my communication.
It is a fact worthy of remark that in all our species having the sutural angle dentiform, the upper tooth of the front tibiae is nearer to the middle tooth than to the base of the tibia. Of the other species represented before me {ulkei, striatus and estriatus lacking) this is true only oi pectoralis.
10. 0, biarmatus Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1 868, p. 51.
One of our smallest species and in my experience the one most abundantly represented in collections. Horn remarks that the sexes are alike in having a tooth on the lower edge of the hind thighs at about one third from the knee. My own observation is that this tooth is present only in the male. This species is the only one in our fauna having the frontal margin terminating each side in an acute tubercle in the male. The species occurs in Kansas, Texas and New Mexico.
11. 0. peninsularis Horn, Coleop. of BajaCal., Suppl. I, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.,
V, 1895, p. 224.
Of this species Horn writes : " Most closely related to biarmatus and more especially to the female (of the latter) which has not the clypeal tubercles of the male. ' ' He finds no armature of either femora or tibiae, but in certain specimens which he assumes are males, the hind tibiae appear somewhat shorter and more hairy. The size given is 4.5-5 mm.
Habitat. — Lower California (San Lazaro and Sierra El Taste).
36 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
12. 0. californicus Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., V, 1895, P- 224.
This rare little species may be recognized instantly by its color, which is unique in the genus. The mentum is wider than long, sides parallel, apex a little emarginate, the lateral angles rounded, surface rather broadly and moderately deeply impressed in front, becoming nearly flat toward the base. The frontal lobe is distinctly margined, the vertex with a short obtuse carina, which is slightly impressed at middle. The type of the species was sent by the writer to Dr. Horn who states that it is a female, the head without ridges and the clypeal margin not reflexed. The three examples before me are perhaps all males, though there is no armature of the legs or other indications of sex. The size varies but little, the length ranging from 4 to 4.5 mm. All examples known to me have been taken either by Dr. Fenyes or the writer, and all occurred flying low over country roads by day, and their behavior and in fact the facies of the beetle strongly suggest Onthophagus. The other species of the genus so far as I am aware fly only at night and are often attracted to lights. Californicus has been taken in April and May at Pomona and Pasadena in southern California, and it, with the anomalous estriatus constitute the only representatives of the genus in the Pacific fauna.
13. 0. praesidii Bates, Biol. Cent. Am. Coleop., II, pt. 2, p. 106.
This species is best recognized by the form of the hind tibiae in the male, as indicated in the table. One other species — repandiis — possesses this character in a still greater degree, but this latter has a well developed frontal tubercle. \n prcesidii the so called upper mar- gin of the frontal lobe is rather widely separated from the true margin, and might be described as a transverse frontal carina which is elevated a little at the middle and at each extremity. There is in some speci- mens a very feeble and obtuse vertical carina which is entirely lacking in others. The mentum is as long as wide, impressed only in front. The hind femora of the male have a strong unciform apical tooth. The females differ according to Schaefifer in having the hind femora and tibiae less broad, and the femoral apical tooth smaller. Occurs in the Huachuca Mts. of Arizona ; I have also a male from New Mexico.
14. 0. repandus, new species.
Robust, rufo- or fulvotestaceous, clothed as usual with short erect fulvous hairs. Labrum very feebly emarginate. Mandibles feebly sinuate externally. Mentum as long as wide, narrowed in front, impressed only for a short distance at the apical
Mar., 1909.] Fall : Synopsis of Ochod^eus. 37
margin which is but slightly emarginate. Frontal lobe broadly arcuate, a strong tubercle at the middle of the margin, which is not distinctly reflexed. Vertex with short transverse carina. Prothorax three fifths as long as wide, sides strongly rounded, surface moderately densely granulate-punctate, median line rather deeply impressed m basal half. Elytra about twice as long as and not appreciably wider than the prothorax ; strire well impressed, strial punetures moderate ; sutural angle not denti- form. Upper tooth of front tibia small and remote from the middle tooth. Hind thighs with an acute unciform apical tooth, and another equally acute at the apical third. Hind tibiaj broadly flattened and compressed, subparallel, nearly one half as wide as long. Basal joint of hind tarsus slender and as long as the three following. Length 7.5 mm. ; width 4 mm.
Described from two males taken by Prof. F. H. Snow in Cochise Co., Arizona, one labeled "Douglass," the other "San Bernardino Ranch, 3,750 ft."
This species is allied to prcesidii in the expanded hind tibia;, and Xo frontalis in the form of the mentum and armature of the posterior femora, from both of which it is easily distinguished by the tabular characters.
15. 0. nimius Fall., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1907, p. 248.
One of our smaller species, similar in size, form and color to biarmatus, though not closely related to that species structurally. In its strictly marginal clypeal tubercle it differs from all our species except gnatho and repaudiis, the former differing conspicuously by its remarkable mentum and broad head, the latter by its broad flattened hind tibia. By its flat and strongly transverse mentum nimius is allied to striatus and sparsus, and by its rather strongly produced mandibles with distinct external angulation and sinuation it resembles sparsus and ma7idibularis. The elytral striae are coarsely punctate, the in- tervals rather narrow with no more than two punctures in their width. The unique type was taken at light at Mesilla, New Mexico, by Pro- fessor Cockerell.
16. 0. frontalis Lee, Smith. Miscel. Coll., 1863, p. 76. Complex Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1868, p. 51.
Species of medium size. Mentum as long as wide, nearly flat, a feeble impression in front only. Frontal lobe only moderately ad- vanced, broadly truncate, the tubercle near the frontal suture ; vertex transversely carinate. In the male of this species the femoral armature reaches its maximum development, the front and middle as well as the hind thighs having an unciform tooth at apex, the hind thighs an ad- ditional acute tooth at apical third, and the front thighs a small tooth
38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
at middle, these latter lacking in some less developed specimens according to Horn. In the female the femora are unarmed.
The type oi frontalis is in the Ulke collection ; it is from Texas. The type of coviplex — from New Mexico — in the LeConte col- lection bears the ladel frontalis in Horn's handwriting, and with it are three examples from Columbus, Texas, collected by Hubbard and Schwarz. According to Horn the species occurs also in Florida.
17. 0, mandibularis Linell, Proc. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 723.
Length 5.75-7.5 mm. The form of the mentum in front is apparently as described in the table, but is very difficult to see because of the numerous hairs. The tabular characters are sufficient for the recognition of this species, which is not closely related to any other except sparsits, from which — if we except the somewhat difficult mental character — there is little to depend upon. The size averages greater in mandibularis and the prothorax is a little less transverse. The type was described from Winslow, Arizona; it is also known from Las Cruces, Deming and Albuquerque, New Mexico.
18. 0. sparsus Lee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1868, p. 51.
The prothorax is shorter in this species than in any other of our forms, being distinctly more than twice as wide as long. The cephalic tubercle is even a trifle more posterior in position than in mandibularis, being quite as remote from the frontal margin as from the base of the occiput. The elytral striae are finer and less impressed than in man- dibularis and the punctures of the intervals are sparse and scarcely at all asperate, not very different however from mandibularis, in this latter respect. The type — length 5 mm. — is from Caiion Blanco, New Mexico. I have a single example — length 5.3 mm. — from Thornton, New Mexico, collected by Dr. Fenyes.
19. 0. estriatus Schaef., Can. Ent., 1906, p. 271.
This remarkable species is based upon a specimen taken at Mill- wood, Fresno Co., California. Mr. Schaeff'er places it provisionally in Ochodivus, stating that a new genus may yet have to be erected for it. Its peculiarities are summed up by its author as follows: "The more elongate form, the short strongly widening middle and hind tibiae, the spinous hind trochanters, the elytra without strige, and the strongly reflexed or rather strongly thickened apical margin of the clypeus will readily distinguish this from any of the described species ; it is also remarkable by having one spur of both middle and hind tibiae pectinate."
Mar., 1909.] OsBURN : Odonata Biologia Centrali-americana. 39
THE ODONATA OF THE BIOLOGIA CENTRALI- AMERICANA.*
By Raymond C. Osburn, New York City.
The final section of this admirable work by Professor P. P. Calvert, of the University of Pennsylvania, made its appearance near the close of 1908, marking the completion of a research extending over nearly a decade for Professor Calvert, after it had been successively undertaken and abandoned by McLachlan, Hagen and Karsch. Dr. Calvert began this work in 1899, and the first section appeared in 1901. The complete work consists of an introduction of 25 pages, dealing chiefly with distribution and sources of material ; the body of the work, 325 pages, and a supplement of 68 pages, dealing with additional ma- terial received too late to be incorporated in the main part. A very complete index, including all synonymic names, follows. The nine lithographed plates include 404 figures, showing the essential features of all the new, as well as of many hitherto imperfectly known species.
The region covered by this report comprises all the Central American States, with Panama on the south, and Mexico, with the immediately adjoining parts of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Cal- ifornia, which present the same climatic conditions as northern Mex- ico, on the north. These limits include a very natural area of distri- bution for the Odonata, plainly marked off from the West Indies also, as the analysis of the data indicates. The list for this area includes 71 genera, embracing 293 species and varieties, and of this list 18 genera are represented by species found only in this region, and 143 species, almost half the entire number, are not known to occur elsewhere.
A comparison of the dragonfly fauna of this area (to which we may refer briefly as the " central " region) with that of the rest of North America ("northern" region) yields some interesting results. The number of species at present known from the two regions is approxi- mately the same, notwithstanding the much greater area of the northern region, but the number of genera in the central region is considerably in excess of that in the northern. The proportions of the species in the
* A review, read before the N. Y. Ent. Soc. at its meeting on January 5, 1909.
40 Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xvii.
two suborders, Zygoptera 142, Anisoptera 161, are much more nearly equal than in the northern region, where the Anisoptera are in much greater excess.
There are numerous interesting cases of replacement of similar genera when we compare the two faunas. Thus among the Caloptery- ginse the genus Hefcerina is represented in the central region by 17 species, while not more than 3 occur in the northern region. Calop- teryx, on the other hand, has 8 northern species, while Calvert's list contains only one. Among the Agrioninae, the genus Enallagma, with more than 20 northern species, has but 5 representatives in the central region, but this defect is more than balanced by the genus Argia, which is represented in the central region by 48 species, while but 8 occur in the rest of North America. In the Gomphinae, the genus Gomphus, with some 35 northern species, is not found in the central region, nor are the related genera, Ophiogoviphus, Dromogom- phus, Hagenius and Tachopteryx. However, there do occur Epigom- phiis and Gomphoides, not found in the northern region, and Progom- phus and Erpetogomphus, each with a single northern representative. The Corduligasteringe are scantily represented by two species, and of the Cordulinae, of which there are about 40 species in the northern region, the only undoubted record is that of a larva (species undeter- minable) of a Macromia taken in northern Mexico. The Libellulinae are, however, richly represented, with 28 genera and 97 species, of which number 18 genera and 75 species do not occur in the northern region. Our common northern genera, Celithemis (with 6 sp.) and Leucorhinia (6 sp.) have not been found in the central region, and Sympetriwi (17 sp.) and Libellula (20 sp.) are represented respec- tively by 2 and 8 species in the central region. On the other hand, Micrathyria (9 sp.) and Brecfwiorhoga (9 sp.) do not occur in the northern region, and Erythrodiplax (15 sp. and var. ) is represented scantily in southern United States, while one species {^E. berenice^ ranges coastwise as far as Massachusetts.
Naturally, Calvert has found it necessary to do a great deal of revising in connection with this work, yet with commendable con- servatism, he has chosen to give us but two genera, Hesperagj-ion and Metaleptohasis, both belonging to the Agrioninse and neither of them including any northern species. It was to be expected that many new species would appear in a region so little studied previously, but one is scarcely prepared to meet with such a number, 81, until he
Man.igog.J OSBURN : OdONATA BiOLOGIA CeNTRALI-AMERICANA. 41
considers the enormous amount of material from this region, nearly 11,000 specimens, which has been in Dr. Calvert's hands. As we should expect, these new species occur most frequently among the smaller Zygoptera, the genus Argia containing the surprisingly large number 22 (as against 26 species previously known). The presence of such an array of the smaller, more inconspicuous species is due not only to the very careful analysis of the material, but it is in a good measure traceable to the recent collecting trips of a number of ex- perienced odonatologists (besides Calvert himself) into this region. The collections and notes made by these gentlemen, fully accredited in the work, have added largely in many ways to the value of the paper.
This work of Calvert's stands alone in American odonatology. The only paper of sufficient scope to be in any way comparable is Hagen's Synopsis of N. A. Neuroptera (1861) and that was pioneer work. But for that matter there are few works in the whole field of systematic entomology which can be compared with this when we consider the amount of material studied as well as the thoroughness, care and painstaking effort with which all the details of the material have been searched and weighed. It is a model of modern syste- matic entomology and the reviewer heartily recommends to all stu- dents of systematics a careful consideration of the methods employed by Calvert in the pursuit of this work.* The elimination of "snap " judgment, and even to a great degree, of the personal equation, by long series of measurements in the study of genera, species and variations, may not appeal strongly to some entomologists, but it is scientific and assures a safe basis for permanence of results.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY.
Meeting of October 6, 1908.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History, President C. W. Leng pre- siding, with eleven members and three visitors present.
The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following exchanges since May, 1908.
Bull. 46 and 48, University of Montana.
Mittheil. a. d. Zool. Mus. in Berlin, IH, No. 4 ; IV, No. i.
The Polymorphism of Ants, by W. M. Wheeler.
* See " Science," Nov. 13, 1908, for Calvert's own account of his methods.
42 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
Honey Ants with a Revision of the American Myrmecocysti, by W. M. Wheeler.
Vestigial Instincts in Insects and Other Animals, by W. M. Wheeler.
The Ants of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, by \V, M. Wheeler.
The Ants of Casco Bay, Maine, with Observations on Two Races of Formica ianguinea Latr., by W. M. Wheeler.
Berliner Ent. Zeitschr., LII, Nos. 3 and 4; LIII, No. i.
Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins. Biol., Ill, Nos. 1-7 ; IV, Nos. 4-7.
Insect World, XII, Nos. 4-6.
Canadian Ent., XL, Nos. 6-10.
Wiener Ent. Zeitg., XXVII, Nos. 6-8.
Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., 1908, Nos. 3 and 4.
Horae Soc. Ross. XXXVIII, No. 3.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sci., XLIII, Nos. 18-22,
Verhandl. d. K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesel. Wien, LVIII, Nos. 4 and 5.
Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XLVII, No. 188.
Bull, de la Soc. Ent. d' Egypt, 1908, No. I.
Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, No. I.
Chicago Acad. Sci. Special Publ., No. 2, 1908.
Bull, de Lab. de Zool. Gen. Agraria, Vol. II.
Revue Russe d'Entomologie, VII, Nos. i, 2 and 3.
Bericht iiber d. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 1908.
Bull, della Soc. Ent. Italiana, XXXVIII, Nos. 3 and 4.
Stett. Ent. Zeitg., LXIX, No. 12.
Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci. Bull., I, No. 14.
Mr. Davis proposed as active members of the society : Roy W. Miner, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History ; Charles L. Pollard, New Brighton, N. Y. ; Charles E. Sleight, Paterson, N. J. ; for Prof. Wheeler Mr. Davis also proposed Dr. Alex. Petrunkewitch, Short Hills, N. J.
On motion of Mr. Schaeffer the by-laws were suspended and the secretary em- powered to cast a single ballot for the election of the proposed members.
Mr. Davis spoke of the trip of Alanson Skinner to the Hudson Bay Wilds, and read an account of the expedition from the New York Tribune of Sept. 14. Mr. Skinner brought back with him a number of insects, mostly Coleoptera collected at James Bay, and presented to Mr. Davis. These were exhibited. Among the speci- mens shown were Cicindela hyberborea, Cicindela i2-gut(ata, Carabus mceander, Bembidium carinula, Silpha lapponica, Hippodamia falcigera, Coccinella transverso- guttata, Adelocera brevicornis, Criocephalus agrestis, Neoclytus muricatiihis, Acmaops ptoteus, Tetr opium cinnomopterum, Corymbites appressus and Adoxus vitus. Such widely distributed species as Aphodius fimetarius, Monohammus scutellattts and Dia- brotica 12-puiictata were also represented in the collections.
The president called upon all of those present to give an account of their sum- mer's collecting experience.
Mr. Southwick spoke of his arduous work in fighting insects in Central Park during the past summer.
Dr. Dow spoke concerning the excellency of the collecting at Clairmont, New Hampshire.
Dr. Zabriskie told of his trip through the Great Lakes where his collecting was incidental.
Sept., 1908.1 Proceedings of the Society. 43
Mr. Barber spoke of his collecting experience in the Adirondack Mountains. Mr. Harris, Mr. Dickerson, Mr. Schaeffer spoke briefly of their summer's work. Dr. Younglove, of Elizabeth, N. J., spoke for a few minutes chiefly concerning instinct in insects.
Society adjourned.
Meeting of October 20, 1908. Held at the American Museum of Natural History, President C. W. Leng in the chair, with fifteen members present.
The minutes of the two preceding meetings were read and approved. The librarian reported the receipt of the following exchanges : Deutsche Ent. Zeitg., 1908, No. 6. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 1908, No. 2. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, XLVII, No. 189.
Mr. John W. Angell, 235 West 76th St., was proposed as an active member of the society by Mr. G. W. Angell.
On motion of Dr. Zabriskie the by-laws were suspended and the secretary in- structed to cast a single ballot for the election of Mr. Angell.
The president spoke of Professor Smith's fiftieth birthday and announced that at its celebration it was the intention of entomological friends to present a loving cup and requested that all so inclined contribute to raise the necessary funds.
Mr. G. W. Angell moved that the president appoint a committee of one to re- ceive the contributions. Carried. The president appointed Mr. Dow.
On motion of Mr. Schaeff'er a hearty vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Miner for his efforts in securing to the society a suitable meeting room in the Museum building.
Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno spoke concerning the life histories of some of the aquatic Hemiptera. He spoke briefly concerning the egg-laying habits and develop- ment of the following forms : Belostovia Jiumhiea, Ranatra 4-dentata, Microvelia borealis, Gerris remiges, G. marginatus, G. canicularis, Tropobates pictus, Mesoveha bisignata, Hydrometra lineata. All of these species, with most of their develop- mental stages, were exhibited.
Rev. J. L. Zabriskie spoke concerning the gall-making dipteron Eurosia solida- ginis Fitch, He called attention to the definition of "ptilinum" in Williston's "North American Diptera," 3ded.,p. 22, which is as follows: "In the Cyclor- rhapha an inflatable organ capable of being thrust out through the frontal suture just above the root of the antenna;, and which is used by the imago in springing off the cap to the puparium when about to extricate itself." Words to the same effect are found in Dr. Smith's " Glossary of Entomology." Professor David Sharp gives a more extended explanation in the Cambridge Natural History, Vol. VI, p. 422. Early in the year 1878 Dr. Zabriskie was rearing some flies of this species from their galls on Solidago ca7tadensis L., and had the opportunity of observing several imagines in the act of issuing, each from its own gall. Doubtless, as is usually the case, the larva when full-fed had bored a tunnel from its central cell straight to the outer surface of the gall leaving only the thin cuticle undisturbed to act as a sealed door over its refuge, and then returned to the cell for its long rest in its forming puparium. In the house during the early spring, the imagines began to issue. They had evidently
44 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvn.
thrown oft" tlie round cap of the puparium aud had proceeded along the tunnel to the door. This is what was observed in the several instances of the actual escape from the gall ; the door was suddenly ruptured and thrust aside, and presently there ap- peared at the opening a moist, contorted, globular mass which slowly oozed through, followed by the head of the fly, and in a short time, by its entire body. This soft mass was the ptilinum, situated on the front, nearly as large as the head itself, giving the insect a very grotesque appearance. If the fly was undisturbed this was rapidly contracted, and soon entirely disappeared into the head through the suture just above the base of the antennse. After observing this action, probably in three instances, when the next opportunity occurred, as soon as the fly was free. Dr. Zabriskie dropped it into a cyanide bottle. The killing was quite rapid but not completed before about two thirds of the ptilinum had been retracted into the head. This iden- tical specimen was exhibited, with the ptilinum still further reduced in size by drying during its long stay in the cabinet. The gall of this species, together with two speci- mens of the fly, were also exhibited.
Mr. Carl Schaefi'er exhibited a collection of nearly a hundred species of Alaskan beetles collected and sent to him by his brother. He remarked that only two or three of the species were rare, and spoke concerning the distribution of a few of the species.
Mr. George W. Angell exhibited specimens of Lachnosterna cribrosa from Mex- ico, sent to him by Mr. Schaupp, and anew species of Tytidaris from Key West, Florida.
Society adjourned.
Meeting of November 3, 1908.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History at 8.15 P. M., President C. W. Leng in the chair, with [six members and one visitor present. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved.
Mr. Barber proposed as an active member Mr. Christian E. Olsen, i Jefferson Ave., Maspeth, L. I. On motion of Mr. Davis the by-laws were suspended and the secretary instiucted to cast a single ballot for the election of Mr. Olsen.
Mr. Leng exhibited specimens of Griburius scutelhwis, decorahts, larvatus, montezuma and lecontei. He quoted descriptions by Suffrian and other authors showing that decoratus should be added to our lists. In regard to G. equestfis Oliv. he remarked that no exact locality is given by Olivier or by Suff"rian ; that no insect from America corresponds to the description, and that it possibly is not from this country.
As Mr. Schaeff"er was absent his paper was postponed till the next meeting.
Mr. William T. Davis exhibited a collection of ten specimens of Xiphidiutn from the eastern United States, four of which are to be found in the vicinity of New York city. He called particular attention to a series X. strictum collected by him- self and Mr. L. B. Woodruff" at Arrocar, Staten Island. Most of the females found had wing pads only ; a few had long tegmina and wings extending beyond the hind femora ; but two or three examples showed wings and tegmina of intermediate length. The ovipositor, which is very long in this species, also shows some varia- tion in amount of curvature.
Mr. H. G. Barber exhibited a collection of Hemiptera taken during the past summer in the vicinity of Cascade Lakes, Adirondack Mountains. He remarked
Dec, 1908.] Proceedings of the Society. 45
that none of the species had been collected at any great altitude, and for the most part were not unlike what might be collected about New York city. Most of them were collected by sweeping.
Mr. Dow spoke of capturing a number of specimens of Jl/alackius ceneus at Claremont, N. H., on May 30 resting on Spiraa, and other specimens were taken during the latter part of June on other plants.
Meeting of November 17, 1908.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History, President C. W. Leng in the chair, with sixteen members and one visitor present. The minutes of the pre- ceding meeting were read and approved.
Mr. Dow reported on the dinner to be given to Professor J. B. Smith, Saturday, the twenty-first inst.
Mr. Matausch exhibited a new color variety of Smilia camelus from the Catskill Mountains, and read a description of the variety.
Mr. Schaefter exhibited and spoke on some new Rhynchophora, the descriptions of which were prepared for the December number of the Journal. He also showed several new species of Coleoptera from Nogales, Arizona, among which were 2 Chatdiognathiis, 2 Discoderiis, I CJuysobothrus, I Onthophagus, I Hydnocera and I Bruchus.
Mr. Engelhardt exhibited five species and two nests of stingless bees from Guatemala, concerning which he made the following remarks : "The so-called stingless bees were among the most abundant of insects observed during the past summer in Guatemala. Their nests were found on numerous occasions in hollow trees, about houses and underground, but never in exposed situations. Each colony contained an immense number of individuals. The nests of those above ground, so far as noted, were all built of wax, while those underground were built of clay or earth intermixed with a gummy substance. In the character of construction all were alike, the central breeding combs being encased by a mass of irregular galleries with the round honey pots placed on the outside. The honey though sweet was found to bi inferior in flavor to that of the hive bee. The Indians are said to eat it, but the white people prefer that of the hive bee which has been successfully introduced. Some of the bees, especially those that build clay nests under ground, displayed a fierce disposition on being disturbed, attacking, seemingly with preference, eyes, ears and nose of the disturber, and even crawling under the clothing. They acted as if about ^ to sting, curling the abdomen around, and the dull pressure of it could be distinctly felt. But most annoying of all was the bite of their sharp mandibles."
Mr. Beutenmiiller exhibited the nest of a stingless bee from Brazil, which had been made by a colony of live bees in the Museum.
Mr. Schaeffer spoke briefly of the honey-making wasps of Brownsville, Texas.
Dr. Pollard mentioned the recent death of Dr. James Fletcher, of the Central Experiment Farm, Ottawa, Ontario.
Society adjourned.
Meeting of December i, 1908. Held at the American Museum of Natural History, President C. W. Leng in the chair, with sixteen members present. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and approved.
46 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
Mr. Dow, of the committee that arranged the dinner in honor of the fiftieth birth- day of Professor J. B. Smith, reported that the occasion had been most successfully celebrated. The report was accepted and the committee was discharged.
The librarian, Mr. Schaeffer, reported the receipt of the following exchanges :
Mittheil. d. Schweiz. Ent. Gesel., XI, No. 8.
Anales del Museo Nac. de Buenos Aires, IX, Ser. 3, igo8.
Verhandl. d. K. K. Zool. Bot. Gesel. Wien, LVIII, Nos. 6 and 7.
Verhandl. Soc. Imper. d. Naturalistes de Moscow, Nos. 1-3, 1907.
Canadian Ent., XL, No. 11.
Insect World, XII, Nos. 9 and 10.
New Species of Noctuida; for 1908 — I, Notes on the species of Phaeocyma. Notes on the species of Rhynchagrotis, by J. B. Smith.
Trans. Texas Academy of Sciences for X907.
Proceed. Calif. Acad. Sciences, 4th series. III, pp. 1-40.
Zeitschr. f. Wissenschaft. Insektenbiologie, IV, Nos. 8 and 9.
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, XLIV, Nos. 1-5.
Mr. Beutenmiiller read a paper on the North American species of Amphibolips and Holcaspis illustrated by pen and ink drawings and blackboard sketches. He stated that the galls and adults of these two genera comprise the largest known species of Cynipidae, and that their galls are very characteristic. The galls of the genus AtHphibo/ips maybe divided into three groups as follows: (l) those with a spongy substance internally [A. confluenSy longicornis, carolinensis, spiftosa and acuminata^ ; (2) those with radiating fibers internally {^A. inanis, ilicifolia:, cinerea, cxlebs, citriformis, melanocera, cookz axid tinctorice) ; (3) those with a uniform pithy, compact substance internally {A. prunus, gainesi, fuliginosa, palmeri and trizonata). The galls of Holcaspis may be divided into two groups, ( i ) those with a more or less free, central, larval cell ^H. globulus, omnivora,rubens, cinerosa, divricoria, bassetti, trucksensis, silej'i, spongiosa, ficigera, succinipes, perniciosa and corallinus) ; (2) those with radiating fibers (A'! cenlricola,tnactilipennis and brevipennata). He also spoke on the subject of galls in general from the botanical and entomological stand- points, and stated that they are of considerable scientific importance in so far as their morphological structure and origin are concerned. The origin and development of insect galls, more especially on the oak, is a subject which has puzzled many eminent scientists. It was first supposed by various naturalists that theCynipids deposit simul- taneously with the egg a drop of irritating fluid which causes the sap to flow and that the formation of the gall is the result of chemical action. The two important factors, however, at work in connection with gall formation, are the activity of the vegetable sap and the influence of the animal agency. Botanically considered galls cannot arise except when the living insect is in direct contact with the living cells which exist in plants and are specially set apart for their growth and development, and in order fully to understand the formation of gall structure recourse must be had to section cutting as well as minute microscopical investigation. It has been shown that the effect on the vegetable structure of the wound made by egg-laying does not cause the gall, as that heals up and no gall formation begins till the larva is about to escape from the egg. Adler discovered that as the larva grew and fed, the gall in- creased in size, from which it may be inferred that galls (oak-galls) are the result of the excitatory action of the larva in conjunction with the vitality of the vegetable cells.
Dec.,i9o8.i Proceedings of the Society. 47
In consideration of the great variety of galls and the comparative sameness of larval anatomy, it is difficult to understand what are the factors which produce variation of structure, size and color of galls that occur on the same parts of the different plants or different parts of the same plant.
Mr. Harris exhibited a collection of about 200 specimens of Cicindela formosa- gonerosa and made some remarks regarding the possible derivation of the species and its dispersal in the United States and northward. The/or//iosa form, which is appa- rently a development from the older gefterosa, occupies the ground roughly described as lying between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains, or westward, speci- mens in the collection appearing from Idaho, and as far south as Texas. Generosa is reported from most of the states north of about 35° latitude. In this section it is abundant in the pine-belt of New Jersey, more sparingly at the western end of Long Island. It is also found in abundance on the Connecticut River flats near Windsor, on high sand hills in Litchfield Co. in the same state, and on similar ground in Saratoga Co., N. Y., on the divide between the Hudson River basin and Lake George, and in the valley of the Bouquet River west of Lake Champlain. Every- where there is practically no variation in the markings, but a great difference in size and color. In the Dominion of Canada a most interesting development has taken place, described by Mr. Leng as var. manitoba. The white markings are much broadened, in extreme cases being nearly confluent. In sharp contrast to this form, specimens from New Jersey were shown in which the middle band is interrupted, and the other markings much abbreviated. Beautiful specimens of intergrades between generosa a.nd forniosa were shown from Kansas and Iowa, illustrating the close rela- tion between the two forms of the species.
Mr. William T. Davis exhibited a living specimen of JMezitim, which showed rows of stiff bristles on the elytra. These bristles fall off when the insect is dead and roughly handled, and lead to the insect being sometimes described as having smooth elytra. Mezium and Gibbiuni both occur in the tower of the New York Produce Ex- change. Mezium has been found in April and November, and Gibbium, which is more common, in March, April, June, July and September.
Mr. Davis also exhibited a living larva of the 17-year cicada of the 191 1 brood on Staten Island.
Mr. Engelhardt exhibited two boxes of Coleoptera collected in Guatemala on his recent visit there. He spoke concerning the difficulties under which collecting was carried on, and explained that such material as he gathered was collected rather incidentally.
Society adjourned.
Meeting of December 15, 1908.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History, President C. W. Leng in the chair, with sixteen members present.
Mr. Roberts, delegate to the Council of the New York Academy of Sciences, reported that Professor J. B. Smith had brought up the matter of a proposed lecture by Professor E. B. Poulton, of England, to be given under the auspices of the New York and Brooklyn Entomological Societies, and received the endorsement of the Council.
The president appointed the following committee to nominate officers for the coming year : Messis. E. B. Southwick, J. L. Zabriskie and E. G. Love.
48 • Journal New York Entomological Society. [Volxvii.
Rev. J. L. Zabriskie gave an account of his microscopical examination of the wax from nests of stingless bees, Tiigona sp. from Olas de Moka, Guatemala, and Melipona fuscipes Friese, from the Orinoco River, Venezuela, and a comparison of the same with wax produced by other hive bees. He found no microscopical fibrous structure in the wax itself, but considerable foreign matter, such as vegetable fibers, pollen grains, etc., lodged there accidentally or brushed off from the bees' bodies. He exhibited several slides of this material and explained how he had prepared the wax and mounted the specimens for examination and preservation.
Mr. I. Matausch exhibited a number of species of interesting Membracida, together with some colored drawings of the species, and read a short diagnosis of some of the species.
Mr. William Beutenmiiller exhibited a fine collection of Siberian butterflies which had recently been presented to the Museum. These butterflies, from Sredne Kolymsk, Province Yakutsk, collected during June and July by Dr. J. Strojetzjy, and determined by N. J. Kusnezov, of St. Petersburg, Russia, comprised the following species : Colias palcrno var. orientalis, hyperborea,, vihiensis, melmos, Alelitcea idu- nia, aurelia, var., Argynnis freyi, frigga, angarensis, aphirape var. assianus, Pieris napi, callidice, Euchloe orientalis var. infuniaia (type), Ccenonympha tiphon var. vihiensis, Lyccena optilete var. cyparissus, Pamphila palcsno, Grapta c-album, Papilio machaon, Parnassius tenedius, Erebia discoidalis, fasciata var. setno, dabaiiensis, Triphysa tsckerkii, Oneis jutta, borev&r. parsa form actteloides, and form are/husoides.
Mr. G. P. Engelhardt exhibited a small collection of Hemiptera collected in Guatemala on his recent visit there and spoke briefly concerning some of the species.
Mr. H. G. Barber exhibited some live specimens of a new Barce which had been given to him by Professor E, B. Wilson, who had received them from Mr. Manee of Southern Pines, North Carolina.
The president appointed Messrs. G. W. Angell and Dr. Love as a committee to report on the possibility of the society's cooperation in publishing Mr. Henshaw's Bibliographical List of the Coleoptera of North America.
Society adjourned.
H. G. Barber,
Secj'etarv-
Vol. XVII.
No. 2.
JOUR N AL
OF THE
NEW YORK
Entomological Society.
2)e\>oteO to lEutomoloa^ in General.
JUNE, 1909.
Edited by Wjujam Morton Wheeler.
rtihlicatioti Cojnmittee. E P. Felt. Charles 5^chaeffer.
E. G. LovK. W. M. Wheeler.
Piablisbiecl Quarterly by thie Society. LANCASTER, ?A. NEW YORK CITY.
1909
[Entered April 21, 1904, at La caster. Pa., as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894 ]
«He HEW EtU PBIM7, . LAPiCA»T tJ
'^
>;^».tci:ia
.iJiM 1
COiVTEKTS.
Owl Pellets and Insects. By WrLi.(AM T. Davis 4g
On the Origin of Entomological Names. By Robert Percy Daw • • ■ 51
New Species of Noctuidae for 1909. By John B. Smith . 57
Notes on Coleoptera. By W. Knaus yt
On the Use of Coal Tar Creosote as a Preventative of Cabinet Pests. Bv Wm.
I'lfll.l.lPSCoNfSTOCK
73
The Notooectid Genus Buenoa Kirkaldy. By J. R. de la Torre Bueno ... 74 A Decade of North American Formicidae. By Wra.iANt Morton Wheelkr . . 77 Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society . go
OF THE
Published quarterly by the Society at 41 North Queen St. , Lancaster, Pa. , and New York City. All communications relating to the Journal should be sent to the editor, W. M. W^heeler, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass.; all subscriptions to the Treasurer, Wm. T. Davis, 46 Stuyvesant Place, New Brighton, Staten Is., New York, and all books and pamphlets to the Librarian, C. Schaeffer, Museum, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Terms for subscription, JS2.00 per year, strictly in ad- vance. Please make all checks, money-orders, or drafts oayable to NEW YORK ENTOmLOGfCML SOCIETY.
Authors of each contribution to the Journal shall be entitled to 25 separates of such contribution without change of form. If a larger number be desired they will be supplied at cost provided notice is sent to the Editor before the page proof has been corrected.
JOURNAL
JOfId JJoph ^InJ^omoIogiral HorlFJ^g.
Vol. XVII. JUNE, 1909. No. 2.
OWL PELLETS AND INSECTS.
By William T. Davis, New Brighton, N. Y.
If the persevering naturalist desires to know what small mammals inhabit the region in which he is interested, and much else about other wild creatures, we would recommend that he inquire of the resi- dent barred owl, if any such there be. That fluffy individual sits all day on his perch, most likely in some secluded grove of cedars, and though he may close his eyes, he keeps his ears wide open, and you will probably not see him if you call. What you will find under his roost will be masses of hair, bones and the remains of various small animals of which he has eaten, and then thrown up as pellets of undi- gested material. He not only catches birds, including other owls, but also snakes, fish, frogs and insects ; but it is his gastronomic en- tomology of which we will here make record.
On March 31, 1907, I was fortunate in finding under the roost of one of these owls on Staten Island, a large pellet three inches long by one inch in diameter. It consisted largely of the bones of frogs, a goodly number of feathers from a small bird, and very plainly the remains of several water beetles. Upon carefully taking the pellet apart, it was discovered that the owl had captured four female -Djfiscus fasciventris, as shown by the grooved elytra, and also what appeared to be a male of the same species. There was in addition the remains of two Hydrocharis obtusatus.
In some pellets which Mr. Waldron De W.Miller, of the American Museum of Natural History, found under the roost of a barred owl near Plainfield, N. J., we discovered the remains of four Dytiscus
49
50 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
verticalis, three Dytiscus fasciventris and two Hydrocharis obtusatus. While the heads of these water beetles, when found in the pellets, are usually whole, yet the owl breaks them occasionally, but the head and nearly round coxae are well preserved and are among the most con- spicuous objects when the mass is broken open. One can usually " prove " the contents of a pellet by checking off the number of heads against the wing-covers.
I am also indebted to Mr. James Chapin for a number of barred owl pellets from Staten Island in which we have found the remains of insects. In one there were five Dytiscus verticalis, some of the heads being snipped in two ; in another a Dytsiscus fasciventris (?) ; in another a Dytiscus verticalis, and in still another, one female Dytiscus fasciventris and one Carabus limbatus.
We have also found the remains of some grasshoppers in barred owl pellets.
It will be noticed that all of the water beetles here mentioned are large insects, and it may be, we think, correctly argued from this that the owl is unable to catch in his talons any of the more numerous small species, since his claws are not adapted to picking up little things.
There seem to be numerous records that some species of owls go fishing, and we have had ample proof on Staten Island that the barred owl eats catfish, many frogs and what large water beetles he can catch.
Insect remains have been found in the pellets of the barn owl and in those of the long-eared owl, but not so often, and next to the barred owl the one that eats the greatest number of insects appears to be the little screech owl. We have sometimes found this bird near the elec- tric lights out in the country, where perhaps, like the bats and toads, it was attracted by the great number of insects. On one occasion we found a number of frogs arranged on the top rail of a fence near a swamp. They were found torn open, disclosing that each had swal- lowed a number of May beetles. So an owl when he swallows a frog may get some beetles at second hand. Mr. Miller has, however, found some screech owl pellets that were largely composed of May beetle remains, and the insects had evidently been captured by the birds. The remains of three specimens of Cychrus lecontei have also been identified from what appeared to be screech owl pellets, collected by Mr. Miller.
In the economy of nature the pellets of hair, bones, feathers, etc.,
June, 1909.] Dow : Origin of Entomological Names. 51
that are thrown away by the owls are much appreciated by the species of Trox, which find therein just the food to their liking. Trox eri- naceus is most commonly found in the pellets on Staten Island, Mr. Chapinand I having secured forty-nine specimens ranging in date from February 25 to May 10. A single Trox scaber was collected in a pellet on May 16. Unless one is on the lookout these little beetles easily escape notice when the pellets are collected, for usually they are to be found beneath them and lie for some time motionless on the ground.
At the meeting of the New York Entomological Society, held May 19, 1903, Rev. J. L. Zabriskie exhibited the snipped-off butt ends of hairs taken from the stomach of Trox unistriatus collected some years before about a dead horse. The hairs were placed under a microscope, and all were found to have been cut off in the same oblique manner.
ON THE ORIGIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL NAMES.
By Robert Percy Dow, B.A.,
New York City.
When Linne began his work of classifying all nature his primary source of information was the existing classification made by Aristotle. In the middle of the eighteenth century almost all so-called learning was classical. The new school of science had awakened in Europe in mathematics and mechanics, but the great chemical awakening was to come half a century later and the development of knowledge of elec- tricity came a few years later still. Linne's first effort was to identify all plants and animals mentioned in classic authors and to apply these names correctly in his new system. There is ample evidence that he made many gross blunders of translation, but there is no indisputable evidence that he altered or suppressed any existing classic names. Following him, the students of entomology plunged eagerly into the task of identifying Aristotelian species. Years later there was a re- vival of this line of study especially in Germany, but of late it has been neglected. A partial list of the important works on the origin of entomological terms is appended to this article. There does not seem, however, to be any bibliography on the subject of the derivation of names of insects mentioned in classic authors, their true meaning and
52 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xvii.
the reasons for their application. There is no attempt to examine into any of these names to ascertain whether they have not an inherent meaning that might aid in identification. At all events, such an ex- amination would prove to be a pleasant side line of study. Dr. Gem- minger (Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleopterum) has given remarkably complete analyses of names invented by Linne and all his successors, but concerning the earlier names he merely states the fact that they are the classic names of the insects in question. On the other hand, the lexicographers have applied their best efforts in com- parative philology but have been handicapped by gross ignorance of entomology.
It is a remarkable fact that the Greeks, who, as early as pre-Homeric times, possessed a knowledge of the transformation from larva to chrysalis and from chrysalis to imago, should have had but one name for butterfly. Large, small, green, black, white or yellow — all were psyche, i. e., emblematic of the resurrection. They made a distinc- tion between butterfly and moth, the latter being called pha/ceiia. This word, which does not occur in Aristotle, is really applied to the larva and not to the imago. For the root, compare phalangis and phalanx. The earliest application of the word was to a monster that arose from the sea and devastated provinces. The primitive mind was prone to exaggeration. In Italian it became balcena. When ancient scholars sought the animal represented by this word, the only one existing was the whale, and they jumped at a conclusion. The same error occurred in Hebrew in an effort to transcribe intelli- gently the adventures of Jonah. The whale has not oesophagus enough to swallow a small piece of a man. The real phalcefia was an imper- fect prehistoric recollection of an octopus, long extinct in the Medi- terranean, but which some time caught and killed many men in its expansive arms. Qoxw^zxo. phalanges, i. e., the first ten fingers of the same general shape, which acting in common are effectual. The phalanx is a body of men similarly armed and acting in unison, thereby becoming more effectual than the same number of men acting separately. The phahena of classic times is a band of caterpillars which devastate a field, while the same number of scattered cater- pillars could do no appreciable harm. The name, then, properly applies to the cutworms, or the Noctuidge. It was applied by Linne to moths generally. Walker adopted this conception, but Packard tried to confine it to certain Geometrididae. All of these authors made mistranslations.
June, tgog.] Dow : Origin OF ENTOMOLOGICAL Names. 53
The Roman word for butterfly \% papilio — a Sanskrit root. The lexicographers were wrong in comparing it \v\\h pavilio. The root is "pal," to stroke. This was duplicated like a host of other roots. Its nearest analogue is palpare. Compare the entomological term ^^ palpi,'' the organs with which an insect strokes its food into the maxillae, and again into its labial attachments. The substantive ending is common. Compare ////V, the chirping sparrow ; teuebrio, literally the doer of deeds in the dark, hence the trickster ; stellio, the newt, the name coming from the stellar shape of the five toes of each foot.
In prehistoric times men were too busy in the struggle for exist- ence to notice useless insects. They named only those which bit or stung or furnished food. It was left for the children at play to ob- serve and name the rest. They saw the creature flying slowly with palpitating wing-motion clearly discernible. Thay also saw the butterfly alight and stroke its wings before becoming motionless. Virgil and the poets use the word papilio as meaning the dash of color flitting by in the sunlight and adding a charm to the landscape.
We may also best consider at this juncture some of the onomato- poetic names applied by children and subsequently incorporated into the language. GryUiis {ypnlh>^") is their attempt to imitate the stridu- lation of the common cricket. Cicada, the harvest fly, if pronounced with a soft ch sound, as it undoubtedly was, has an obvious origin. The Greek re'rrtl sounds like a stick drawn along a picket fence. It describes the European equivalent to Cicada tihicen to a nicety. Homer says orators should copy this sweet sound. It offended Vir- gil's ears most horribly. Homer would be a pleasanter companion on a collecting trip than Virgil. He had a better disposition in adver- sity. Note also the poetry of Latreille — tibiceri, the flute player.
Curculio, the grain weevil, occurs once only in Plautus. The duplication and termination are the same as in papilio. Compare curvtis, Latin, curve, English, coluber, the Latin for snake. The Curculio is the insect which as a larva is footless and makes a circle of itself in its home. As an adult its head and body make a pronounced curve.
A large number of Greek names, similar in form, have so far de- fied analysis, for example, cimex, sphex, ciilex, pulex, sirex, etc. It might be thought that since these creatures are all biters or stingers the suffix ex had some meaning of the sort. This theory is unten-
54 Journal New York Entomological Societv. [Voi. xvn.
able. The ending occurs in a host of other words and is a contrac- tion. Myrmex, the ant, is [xopul? (10,000) plus ex. It was once mi0'iamike (feminine). In Latin it became by natural transition for- niica. To the Greek mind the ant was that insect which lives in large colonies. To them, primitively, all hosts too numerous to count were '^ niyria.^' As a theory I would suggest that ex is quite like the Latin — io, meaning ' ' that which. ' ' The philologist must pursue the verb roots, ciw, sph, ail, etc.
Inasmuch as the word sphex is equivalent to the Latin vespa, Ger- man IVespe, English wasp, with equivalents in other languages of Indo-European origin, it is evident that the name was applied before the great emigrations. In Greek it occurs in Herodotus. Apis was applied before the emigration to Greece and Italy, but after the North- ern emigration. The English word bee, like buzz, is purely onomato- poetic. The word formica is coeval with apis. The English " (?;//" is a contraction of emmet. The English "beetle" is the "little biter." The children named these as most others. They merely supposed that the creature bit. The primitive men had no time to investigate. They felt the sting of the sphex hundreds of generations before they discovered the beneficence of the honey-bee.
Most of the other names occurring in classic literature can only be considered separately. Buprestis is from Hippocrates, meaning an insect which when eaten by cows caused swelling and generally death. Here is an obvious mistranslation by Linne. Cows cannot reach this woodborer. Possibly Hippocrates had an imperfect knowledge of the dipterous creature which develops from the egg laid on the fetlock and after being licked into the mouth passes first into the stomach and thence through the tissues to the surface.
Carabus (Aristotle) has no connection with the Egyptian word rendered in Greek scarabcBus. The similarity in sound apparently deceived the lexicographers and the unobservant Greek as well. The curved mandibles of the Carabid marked it to the children's mind as differing from the branching mandibles of the staghorn beetle. Linnaeus translated correctly. The Latin for staghorn is unmistak- ably the Lucanus, as described in Pliny. The painstaking scholar who noted sadly that the Lucanus cervus is not as common in Lucania as elsewhere, should read the joke book. The predecessor of Pliny had his fling at the rural Lucanian tribe, whether the term applied to the big arms, lumbering gait, hooked noses or prognathous jaws.
June, 1909.] Dow : Origin of Entomological Names. 55
Greek literature has plenty of examples of similar jests directed against the boorish Boeotians.
Fabricius was responsible for an odd translation of Cossiis, Latin, meaning a wood-boring larva good to eat. The lexicographer refers this to a Prionus. It is much more likely that it refers to some scar- abseid larva which lives in rotten wood and makes its cocoon of chips. Such larvge are not only eatable but very tasty. German boys are fond of the adult Melolonilia to this day. The head is removed and the abdominal contents sucked out. The first taste is sweetish, the last is slightly bitter.
Ephemeron (Aristotle) is self explanatory. Melolontha is the pollen feeder in adult form. The Chrysomelid is merely a beetle of a distinct golden color, perhaps a Scarabseid, perhaps a Coptocycla. Linne mistranslated Attelabus of Aristotle. The context indicates that it is a wingless creature with large eyes, a locust or some allied insect. Thrips is, by the context, a wood-borer. Dej-mestes, the skin- eater, is Homeric. It can only apply to the Dermestidse, or possibly a Trox. Ips is Homeric and was mistranslated by Fabricius a Nitid- ulid, and by De Geer as a Rhynchophorous insect. It is a larva which eats horn and wood, quite possibly a Ptinid, The Latin Musca does not admit of mistranslation.
Staphylinus was a misconception on the part of Aristotle and a mis- translation on the part of Linne. Literally it is an insect which smells like the bruised wild carrot, and is one of the Coleoptera, as Aristotle understood that order. Hemiptera were unknown to him.
The c/mex, the only Hemipteron named, is wingless. The Hom- optera he relegated to the locust group. The Coleoptera to him were the insects whose backs were covered by a sheath, no matter whether the elytra met in a straight line down the back or crossed. It is to be doubted whether he would have recognized the Staphylinid^e and Pselaphidae, with their short elytra, as beetles at all. I believe, there- fore, that Staphylinus refers to a strong-smelling Hemipteron, probably a pentatomid. So also Spondyla, a strong-smelling insect keeping close to the roots of plants, is probably a Hemipteron of some sort.
Clerics (Aristotle) is a coleopterous insect noxious to bees. On this slender evidence the learned Camus argued through many dreary pages that it must be the insect now known as Clerus apivorus. The pros and cons of excited and angry German scholars over this point filled volumes from 1832 to 1849.
56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
Acariis is well-named, the mite, that insect which is so small that it cannot be cut in two or further divided. To the children who named it, it was the smallest of living creatures.
Blatta is the insect best characterized by the adjective liicifuga. It is in Virgil the exact opposite of the sun-loving papilio. Linne applied it correctly, although there are a host of other insects to which it would apply just as well. To the child mind of Italy, if not of earlier peoples, it meant any creepy, crawly insect which beset folks when out in the woods or fields at night.
The Syrpha of Homer was a small biting fly or gnat. Linne either mistranslated or misunderstood the habits of the Syrphidse. Lampyrus could not possibly be mistranslated. It is doubtful whether Silpha was a beetle at all. It is unlikely that Briichus was a beetle.
Bibliography.
Bona- Meyer, J. Aristoteles Thierkunde. Berlin, 1855.
Burmeister. Handbuch der Entoraologie, Vol. I, p. 337 et seq.
Camus. Translation of Aristotle's History of Animals.
Dierbach, J. H. Uebersicht der gebrauchlichsten Arzeneimittel des Alterthums mil
besonderer Riicksicht auf die Werke des Dioscorides u. Plinius. Isis, 1842, Vol.
II, pp. 107-122. Dumeril. Considerations generales sur les Insectes, 1S25.
Eiiell. Geschichte der Systematik und Literatur der Insectenkunde. Leipzig, 1836. Gravenhorst. Dissertatio sistens conspectum historic entomologiae, imprimis systema-
tum entomologicorum. Helmstadii, 1801. Groshaus, W. P. E. ProdromusFaunEe HomerietHesiodi. v. d. HoevenTidjdschr.,
t 6, pp. 289-320, 1839 ; t. 10, pp. 301-343, 1843. Harris, T. M. A Dictionary of the Natural History of the Bible. London, 1833. Keferstein, A. Ueber die goldgrabenden Anieisen der Alten. Isis, 1825, II, pp.
105-U4. Kirby £^ Spence. Introduction to Entomology, Vol. 4, XLVII. Klopsch, J. G. Entstehung der Insecten nach Aristoteles. Isis, 1839, VII, p. 744. Lacordaire, M. Th. Introduction a I'Entomologie. Paris, 1838, pp. 619 et seq. Latreille, P. A. Des insectes peints ou sculptes sur les monuments de I'Egypte.
Mem. Mus. Hist., Paris, 1819, Vol. V, pp. 249-270. Latreille, P. A. Cours d' Entomologie. Paris, 1831. Spix. Geschichte und Beurtheilung aller Systeme in der Zoologie, etc. Nuremberg,
1811. Thompson, J. Memoire pourservir a I'histoire de I'Entomologie d' Aristotle. Archiv
Entom., 1857, I, pp. 90-104.
June, 1909.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid.^ for 1909. 57
NEV/ SPECIES OF NOCTUID^ FOR 1909.
By John B. Smith, ScD., New Brunswick, N. J.
Feralia furtiva, new species.
Ground color dark smoky brown; head, thorax and primaries overlaid by mossy greenish yellow. Antennre white at base. Tip of collar and edges of patagia nar- nowly black, disc of patagia with some white scales. Base marked with black and white. Primaries with all the maculation contrastingly white, edged with black scales. Basal line white, curved to the median vein at base, whence white lines ex- tend along median and submedian to t. a. line. T. a. line white, black-edged each side, strongly outcurved in the interspaces. T. p. line well removed outwardly, white, irregularly edged with black, very irregular in course, outwardly denticulate on the veins, nearest to outer margin on veins 3 and 4. A series of black terminal lunules, beyond which the white fringes are cut with black. Costa marked with alter- nate black and white areas. Claviform very large, incompletely outlined in white. Orbicular large, almost round, outlined in white. Reniform very large, incompletely defined above and below, sides white. Secondaries uniformly smoky brown, the fringes soiled whitish. Beneath very dark smoky, primaries marked with black and white along costa, and fringes alternately black and while. Secondaries with a blackish discal blotch, from which a blackish line, edged on each side by a whitish shade, extends to base : with a whitish subterminal line, beyond which the wing is paler toward hind angle. Fringes cut with white and smoky.
Expands 1.40 inches == 35 mm.
Habitat. — Sudbury, Ontario, 1891.
A single female which has been in my collection for many years and which I have always hesitated to describe because I feared it might be a discolored y(?r(?i'«. I have recently seen over \oo jocosa how- ever, many of them discolored, and have a dozen now before me ; but in none is there any approach to the peculiarly uniform dark color of the new species, combined as it is with the strikingly clear white of the maculation. On the under side the marking of the secondaries is quite different, and on the upper side the absence of the usually con- spicuous black markings oi jocosa seem to authorize a new name. At all events I have risked it.
Lupetina discors Grote.
This species was described by Mr. Grote from Kansas in 1881, and in 1890 I referred it as identical with Mr. Morrison's burgessi described in 1S74 from Massachusetts examples. When I wrote I had only western examples before me ; but I had seen and had compared eastern examples. From this comparison and the descriptions, I con-
58 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
eluded the species identical and so referred them. Since that time bu rges s i M.orr., has occurred in some numbers on Long Island, and on comparing these carefully with examples from Nebraska and Colo- rado, there seems to be no doubt that Mr. Grote was correct in describ- ing his species as distinct. The eastern species has the primaries comparatively shorter and broader, the ordinary spots more com- pletely outlined and relieved, the median space darker, the connect- ing bar between the lines broad and well developed, the interspaceal black marks preceding and following the s. t. line very obscure. The western form, discors Grote, is more strigate in appearance, the pri- maries have the apex distinctly drawn out, and the interspaceal lines are very conspicuous toward the margin, usually forming sagittate marks before the punctiform s. t. line. While the ground color is the same, the median space does not contrast definitely, and the connec- tion between the median lines is a narrow streak rather than a bar. With only limited material at hand the species look very much alike and are easily regarded as races or varieties : with a series for com- parison the differences are so obvious that the wonder is that they could ever have been regarded as the same.
Luperina ona, new species.
Ground color dark umber brown, overlaid by smoky black. Head concolorous. Collar with a narrow black median line tending to become lost. Thoracic disc lend- ing to become umber brown, the patagia with intense black submarginal lines. Pri- maries almost uniformly smoky black on perfect specimens ; but as they become flown the brown base becomes increasingly apparent, until the wing gets a streaked appear- ance which is best marked beyond the reniform and in general through thes. t. space. A slender black streak below median vein, extending to the t. a. line ; but often im- perfect in rubbed examples. Basal line black, marked by geminate costal spots and again on median vein. T. a. line black, geminate, more or less interrupted, rather evenly oblique to the angle below the sub-median : then inwardly bent to, and again outcurved below, vein I. T. p. line broken, black, more or less completely gemi- nate, very even on the whole, outcurved over cell, then parallel with outer margin. S. t. line a series of yellowish points set into black interspaceal streaks. Claviform small, pointed, black-margined, a narrow bar extending from its tip to the t. p. line. An interrupted black terminal line ; veins marked at ends by yellowish points. Sec- ondaries white, with a blackish narrow outer border which is inwardly diffuse. Be- neath white, primaries rather densely, secondaries sparsely black powdered.
Expands, I.50-I.65 inches = 37-41 mm.
Habitat. — Arizona: Santa Catalina Mts., September; Huachuca Mts., August (Barnes) ; Minnehaha, Yavapai Co., September (Hut- son).
Two males and six females in fair or good condition. The three
June, igog.] SmITH : NeW SpECIES OF NOCTUID^ FOR I909. 59
examples collected by Mr. Hutson are more flown than those from the Barnes collection and therefore seem lighter in color ; but there seems no reasonable doubt of their identity. The orbicular is almost lost in most examples, but can be traced in others by black scales and is then large, oval, oblique. The reniform is very like that in dis- cors ; large, kidney-shaped, outwardly a little relieved by pale scales- This is an ally of discors but much darker in color and easily dis. tinguished from it.
Fishia hanhami, new species.
Dark smoky brown overlaid by black and blackish. Head with a black frontal line. Collar with a broad black transverse line above a median whitish shade band ; a narrow blackish line just below tip. Patagia with black subniarginal line. Disc blackish powdered, the divided crest conspicuous. Abdomen more evenly smoky gray-brown, dorsal tufts prominent. Primaries with the markings conspicuous, but not well defined. There is a short black curved mark at base below median vein, and a broader, more obvious streak, which extends to the t. a. line below vein i. A somewhat diffuse, conspicuous black bar connects the median lines in the submedian interspace. T. a. line geminate, inner line tending to become lost, outer black, in- cluded space whitish or at least paler, nearly even from costa to middle, then twice outwardly angled before the inner margin. T. p. line obscurely geminate, inner line black, outwardly edged with whitish, taking the form of a double line opposite the anal angle. In course it is outwardly oblique from costa to vein 6, thence more or less lunulate and parallel with outer margin. S. t. line yellowish white, punctiform except toward apex, the spots interrupting a series of interspaceal black streaks. A yellow, narrow terminal line, preceded by small black interspaceal lunules. Clavi- form obscured in the diffuse connecting streak. Orbicular large, nearly round, in- completely defined, edged and powdered with small white scales. Reniform large, irregular, a little constricted, incompletely defined, with white powdery edging and markings. Secondaries, in the males, dirty white with a broad, somewhat lunulate black terminal line ; in the female uniform dark smoky, with a similar terminal line. Beneath, powdery; all wings with an extra-median line and roundish discal mark : in the male the ground is whitish ; in the female smoky.
Expands, i. 56-1. 70 inches =_;9-42 mm.
Habitat. — Victoria, British Columbia, in September.
Two males and one female, from Dr. Barnes' collection, taken by M. A. W. Hanham, to whom I take pleasure in dedicating this spe- cies. It is an ally of evelina French, but smaller, darker, much more powdery, and with better marked tufting throughout. The male an- tennae are distinctly serrate and fasciculate.
Hyppa spaldingi, new species.
General color gray over a dirty yellowish brown. Head brown, front blackish. Thorax of the general gray, over brown ; collar yellowish at base below a black trans- verse line ; patagia with narrow black submarginal lines. Primaries with a washed-out
60 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
appearance, none of the maculation complete, all the lines practically lost over the costal region. A distinct short black streak at base in the submedian interspace, ex- tending half way to t. a. line. T. a. line obvious only below median vein, whitish, with edges more or less defined by black scales, strongly curved toward base, out- wardly convex. T. p. line also whitish, with very narrow dusky defining lines, out- wardly oblique to vein 5 where it forms a distinct angle and runs obliquely inward evenly or with slight sinuations to the inner margin. The median lines are connected in the submedian interspace by a narrow black line over which is a more diffuse brown shading, which obscures the small, pointed claviforra. S. t. line whitish, best marked by dark shadings in the terminal space and more obscure preceding marks, ir- regular in course, making two conspicuous outward dents which reach the outer margin on veins 3 and 4 and extend through the fringes. A series of black terminal lunules. Orbicular very long, narrow and oblique, only partially outlined, best marked anteri- orly, most of the outline consisting of a narrow edging of white scales. Reniform rather small, obscure, kidney-shaped. Secondaries very pale smoky yellowish at base, with a broad, rather well defined smoky outer border, a terminal black line and whitish fringes. Beneath whitish gray, with black powdering over a yellowish base ; all wings with a black discal spot. Expands, 1.60 inches r= 40 mm.
Habitat. — Stockton, Utah, VI, 30.
A single female in good condition, which I take pleasure in nam- ing after Mr. Tom Spalding, its collector, from whom I have received many interesting and rare species as well as much material in the older forms. The new species is so altogether different from the other described species that comparisons seem unnecessary ; and yet the habitus is exactly the same, although it also recalls the yellow winged Xylophasia lunata and inordinata.
Oncocnemis semicollaris, new species.
Ground color powdery ash-gray. Head inferiorly brown, with black edgings above and below the band. Collar inferiorly, deep blackish brown. Thorax and primaries a very even ash gray, with minute black powderings. All the markings of primaries very fine, black and inconspicuous. Basal line just traceable. T. a. line single, slender, a little excurved, with a small outward angle at the middle, from which an equally slender black streak extends to the t. p. line. The latter is well curved over the cell, then deeply drawn inward to the point where it meets the con- necting line, then almost upright to the inner margin. There is no s. t. line and no distinct terminal line. A distinct black streak extends from the end of the cell across the t. p. line nearly to the outer margin, and small obscure blackish streaks are in the interspaces just before the outer margin. Ordinary spots wanting. Secondaries whitish at base, becoming dusky toward apex and to the middle of the outer margin ; veins also dusky. Beneath whitish, powdery; primaries darker, without markings secondaries paler, with an obvious median line and a small discal spot.
Expands, 1.22 inches = 31 mm.
Habitat. — Peachland, British Columbia, July 8, 1907.
June, igog.l SmITH : NeW SpECIES OF NOCTUID^ FOR I909, 61
One female in rather poor condition from Dr. James Fletcher, collected by Mr. J. B. Wallis. The specimen seems to have been papered, and has the body somewhat pressed out of shape ; but the wings are not marred and the legs are present. The resemblance at first sight is to griseicollis ; but the connected median lines suggest figitrata. In the half dark head and collar the species seems to be unique.
Calocampa mertena, new species.
General color smoky gray over a dull rusty yellowish red. Head darker in front ; above middle and vertex, of the paler ground or tending to even more yellowish. Collar rusty reddish to yellowish, crossed by narrow darker lines, tipped with blackish. Thoracic disc varying from rusty brown to smoky gray, the contrast with collar vary- ing materially and, in the case of the single female, scarcely marked. Abdomen rather even rusty reddish in both sexes. Primaries smoky gray below the median vein, the costal area rusty reddish over luteous, varying in brilliancy with the freshness of the specimen. All the transverse maculation just traceable. At the base the pale shading is whitish above a black or dark streak, and in this pale area are loop-like brown markings in the interspaces. The t. a. line so far as it is visible has loop-like oulcurves in the interspaces. In the cell the orbicular and reniform are marked by a blackish spot in which the orbicular is completely outlined in black and the inner part of the reniform is well marked. The center of the reniform is marked by a contrast- ing pale crescent, outwardly diiifuse and shaded with reddish, and that tint usually shades into the pale area which then extends through the upper half of the wing, to the margin. T. p. line about parallel with the outer margin, usually reduced to small, punctiform venular dots, in the best cases a slender crenulate line. S. t. line marked by a more or less obvious preceding shade, quite rigidly oblique and, above vein 5, emphasized by a black somewhat lanceolate streak. There is a traceable median shade in most of the specimens. Secondaries lustrous, smoky, reddish-brown, semi- transparent. Beneath rusty brownish, varying in depth ; secondaries with an obvious outer line and discal spot, primaries with the same maculation indicated.
Expands, 1.70-2.00 inches = 43-50 mm.
Habitat. — Washington ; Seattle, Pullman and Olympia ; British Columbia ; Rossland and Arrowhead Lake.
Eleven males and one female : all the dates for males in spring and examples somewhat flown ; the female without date, from Dr. Barnes' collection, in fresh, perfect condition. I have had this series separated in my collection for a long time ; but having only males was not certain that I did not have a race of cineritia to deal with. The receipt of the female from Dr. Barnes with his own conclusion that it was a distinct species, determines me to give it a name. It is paler throughout than cineritia, with the contrasts between costal and infra- median area much more decided, while the transverse maculation is
62 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
almost entirely lost. I have well-marked cineritia from Calgary, Alberta ; Aweme, Cartwright, and Brandon, Manitoba ; and none of them is readily confused with this new form.
Xylina nasar, new species.
Ground color of head, thorax and primaries bright, clean bluish gray, all the raaculation cleanly and sharply defined, a distinct reddish brown shade in the reni- form and above the internal angle of primaries. Head with a black transverse line across lower part of front, below which it is brown. A black line across collar, sur- mounted by a narrow, clean-cut white line, and shading off inferiorly into the ground. Patagia with margins dusky. Primaries with the transverse lines strongly angulated, narrow, black, edged with gray, tending to become broken. There is a black longi- tudinal line at base, which extends into the outward tooth of the t. a. line, but does not reach the line, and this line is edged with whitish above and is diffuse inferiorly. The outward tooth of the t. a. line meets an inward tooth from the t. p., the connec- tion between the two formed by a black bar which is diffuse above. An oblique blackish shade extends from the middle of the costa to the t. p. line at vein 3, and this becomes outwardly diffuse and obscures the lower part of the reniform. S. t. line strongly dentate, the teeth on veins 3-4 nearly reaching the outer margin, pre- ceded by a brown and black shade, from which black streaks extend inward below vein 3 and above vein 4. There is an outer, denticulate gray line. Orbicular very large, ovate, concolorous, incompletely outlined. Reniform large, upright, centrally a little constricted, incompletely outlined, inferiorly a little obscured by the oblique dusky shading. Secondaries gray, with a coppery red shading, and the abdomen is smoky, with the same coppery overlay. Beneath whitish with smoky powdering ; a vague discal spot and outer line on all wings, tending to become lost on primaries and fairly well marked on secondaries.
Expands 1.44- 1. 5 2 inches = 36-38 mm.
Habitat. — Redington, Arizona (Dr. Barnes).
Three males and two females in good condition from Dr. William Barnes. They are allied to the eastern lepida and thaxteri in type of maculation, but obviously distinct from both. The specific name is a suggestion from Dr. Barnes.
Xylina atara, new species.
Ground color of head, thorax and primaries a rather dull blue gray, all the mac- ulation diffuse, indefinite, no color in the wings at any point. Head with a black, surmounted by a white, frontal line. Collar, with a clean white median line surmount- ing a black shade which is inferiorly diffused into the ground. Median lines as in nasar ; but all vague and diffuse, the basal line being scarcely marked in some speci- mens. The connection between the median lines is a blackish shade, and the oblique shade from costa to t. p. line is just traceable in most specimens. S. t. line similar to that of its ally, without the black, well defined markings extending inwardly. Sec- ondaries whitish with a coppery tinge. Beneath whitish, powdery, all wings with a vague discal spot.
Expands, 1. 52-1. 60 inches = 38 to 40 mm.
June, 1909.] Smith: New Species of Noctuid/e for 1909. 63
Habitat. — Redington, Arizona (Dr. Barnes).
One male and six females in good condition. I was strongly in- clined at first to consider this a washed-out form of nasar ; but the material is in too good condition to permit this belief.
All the specimens of both sexes are uniformly larger, they all lack the brown and reddish scales in the primaries, and the maculation is uniformly diffuse, not rubbed nor faded. The strong inward black marks from the s. t. line are altogether lacking and, on the whole, I have no doubt we have a good species to deal with. On this point Dr. Barnes agrees with me and I have adopted his suggestion as to a specific name.
CopicuUia luteodisca, new species.
Ground color bright bluish gray. Head with vertex and a cross bar below an- tennas brown. Base of collar blackish, edges of patagia blackish margined, disc dusky. Abdomen yellowish, with white hair at base, dorsal tuftings small. Pri- maries with the ordinary spots distinctly outlined, sometimes tinged with yellowish ; a diffused yellowish shading in the submedian interspace between the median lines ; an obvious streak above the anal angle ; the median lines obscure. A very fine blackish line from base to t. a. line in the submedian interspace, very easily lost in a somewhat rubbed example. T. a. line very strongly dentate, irregular, single, not well defined. T. p. line barely traceable by interspaceal blackish marks to vein 2, below which it is narrow, single, blackish and cuts the outer edge of the yellowish shading. There is a traceable, somewhat paler gray s. t. shade line. A series of dusky terminal marks becoming black and continuous below vein 3. A somewhat diffuse black streak from t. p. line in submedian interspace extending obliquely up- ward to the outer margin just above vein 2. Orbicular ringed with black, broadly oval, center concolorous or tinged with yellow, and with a black dot. Reniform rather small, broad, outlined in black, the upper margin tending to become incomplete, and to a filling of yellowish scales, with blackish central line. Secondaries white with a broad smoky margin, veins smoky and fringes white. Beneath white, tending to a smoky outer margin on all wings ; breast gray.
Expands, 1.60 inches =41 mm.
Habitat. — Deming, New Mexico, September 1-7.
Two females in good condition from Dr. Wm. Barnes. The species is allied to ajitipoda Strck., in the distinct ordinary spots, but differs in the darker coloring, the diffuse supra-anal streak, the yellow shadings on the disc of wing, and the very neatly margined white secondaries. The species seems very different from anything previ- ously described and is not included in any of the forms enumerated by Hampson.
CucuUia obtusa, new species.
Ground color whitish gray, streaked and powdered with black. Head gray in- feriorly, with a black frontal line, then with a brown and gray line and a brown ver-
64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
tex. Collar inferiorly brownish, limited by a black transverse line. Thoracic mark- ings broken and indefined. Primaries powdery and streaked with blackish and black, with a distinct yellowish shade in the discal cell, the ordinary spots lost and the median lines fragmentary. On the costa, oblique diffuse brown streaks mark the t. a. line and median shade, and a geminate black oblique streak marks the inception of the t. p. line. The t. a. line is just indicated by venular marks. The t. p. line may be traced as a narrow, rather even broken line from costa to vein 3. S. t. line present as a diffuse oblique whitish shade, outwardly marked by brownish patches in the interspaces, and by a subapical preceding shade. A series of black terminal dots in the interspaces, beyond which the fringes are cut with blackish. Secondaries whitish with a yellowish tinge at base and with a broad blackish outer margin in both sexes. Beneath, all wings whitish with a broad dusky outer margin. Expands, i. 50-1. 65 inches ^38-41 mm.
Habitat. — Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona ; southern Arizona.
Two males and one female from Dr. Barnes ; the southern Ari- zona example marked as taken by Poling. The specimens are very much alike except in size, and are altogether different from any other of our species in the more trigonate primaries ; the lanceolate form being almost lost. There is no subanal streak and the type of macu- lation becomes more like that of some of the normal hadenoid forms.
Tasniocampa occluna, new species.
Ground color dull grayish luteous, more or less densely powdered with smoky and blackish. Head and thorax concolorous, the patagia tending toward a blackish subniargin. Primaries with all the maculation present but broken, and so powdered with blackish or smoky scales that the ornamentation is somewhat difficult to make out. Basal line geminate, black, outwardly convex and connected with base by a short blackish streak. T. a. line geminate, rather well removed from base, very in- complete, outwardly oblique, with a very slight outcurve. T. p. line geminate, outer portion becoming punctiform, rather even in general course, outwardly curved to vein 6, then inwardly oblique and with a slight incurve to the inner margin. S. t. line yellowish, irregularly and strongly sinuate, preceded by a somewhat darker shad- ing. A series of small blackish terminal lunules separated by yellowish dots on the veins, beyond which the fring-is are narrowly cut with yellow. Claviform very small, loop-like, outlined in black ; but tending to become lost. Orbicular round or a little oval, small or moderate in size, concolorous, more or less completely outlined by black scales. Reniform large, a little oblique, somewhat constricted at the middle, the lower portion larger and broader than the upper, dark filled, incompletely outlined by black scales. Secondaries whitish at base, darkening gradually to a smoky terminal margin which is broader in the female ; veins smoky and a trace of a smoky discal lunule: fringe whitish. Beneath, powdery; all wings with a more or less obvious outer line and a discal spot : primaries gray, tending to smoky ; secondaries whitish, powdering sparse except along costal margin.
Expands, .92-1.12 inches ^23-28 mm.
Habitat. — Mesilla Park, New Mexico, May 9, 1900 (Cockerell),
June, igog.] SmITH : NeW SpECIES OF NOCTUID^ FOR I909. 65
The single example from Prof. Cockerell has been in my collec- tion since 1900 awaiting additional material.
The antennae of the male are very shortly pectinated — almost ser- rate only — and the branches are set with dense lateral cilise and furnished with a longer terminal bristle so as to give the appearance of being fasciculate or bristle-tufted. Among the species with similar structure this has no very close allies, and it resembles rather an un- dersized Perigea alfkenii Grt. — in fact I have no doubt the two are confused in collections.
Taeniocampa quinque-fasciata, new species.
Ground color varies from mouse-gray to fawn-gray, or even to rusty reddish. Head and thorax concolorous. Primaries more or less irrorated, but not often ob- viously strigulate ; crossed in whole or in part by five variably conspicuous lines or fascia. Basal line single, diffuse, brown, excurved, extending from costa to sub- median vein. This line, while it is always traceable, tends to become lost and is rarely conspicuous. T. a. line single, rather well removed from base, with a mode- rate outcurve, more or less drawn in on the veins. This line is less diffuse, always traceable though sometimes incomplete, and usually well defined. Median shade broad, diffuse, at or a little beyond the middle of the wing, outwardly oblique to lower part of reniform, then with an inward, obtuse angle, obliquely to the inner margin. This broad shade is usually conspicuous and always obvious. T. p. line single, oblique from costa to vein 6, there forming a rather sharp angle and becoming cren- ulated to the inner margin. This line is usually obvious and sometimes conspicuous over the costal area, but tends to become lost below the angle. S. t. line yellowish- disjunct just below the apex, thence rather even to the inner margin, preceded by a variably distinct dusky shading which may be a mere edging and may extend nearly half way across the s. t. space. A series of small, dark terminal lunules. There is a black or dusky spot in the cell between basal and t. a. line, and usually another at the anterior margin of the orbicular spot. Orbicular large, concolorous, ovate, a little oblique, defined by a narrow, pale ring and tending to become obsolete. Reniform large, broad, kidney- shaped, outlined by a pale ring, tending to become dark filled inferiorly. Secondaries dusky in both sexes, the fringes paler. Beneath whitish, powdery, with a conspicuous outer black fascia and a black discal spot on all wings.
Expands, 1. 40-1. 65 inches := 35-41 mm.
Habitat. — Colorado ; Glenwood Springs VII, Garfield Co., 6000 feet: Washington; Pullman, IV, 19, Seattle: Oregon, Corvallis III, 31 : Vancouver, B. C, III, 31, IV, 6: Massett, Q. C. I., IV, 28.
Seven males and four females mostly in good condition, from various sources. My attention was drawn to this species by a somewhat discolored and very fully marked example received for determination from Dr. Fletcher. All the transverse maculation is practically com- plete, and the c^-fasciata application is obvious. In seeking to differ- entiate it in other respects I found among my examples of pacifica
66 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
some that were almost as well if not as conspicuously marked, and I divided them into two series which stood sharply enough defined when once separated.
The new species differs from both alia 2iXi^ pacific a in more even coloration ; in the obvious or even conspicuous median shade ; in the even, rather conspicuous s. t. line preceded by a distinct shade, and in the sharp angle formed by the t. p. line on vein 6.
Xylomiges argus, new species.
Head, thorax and primaries pale, powdery ash gray. Head and thorax with darker gray powderings, so as to give the surface a dusty appearance. Collar with a somewhat darker gray line. Abdomen yellowish. Primaries without contrasts, yet all the maculation fairly well traceable. Basal line geminate, darker gray, extended to vein i. T. a. line geminate at its inception, the inner line tending to become lost, the outer dark gray, a little diffuse, with a very long outward angle in the sub- median interspace and a smaller above the margin. T. p. line single, broken, out- wardly extended on the veins, with a long inward angle in the submedian interspace, not quite meeting that of the t. a. line. S. t. line pale, fragmentary, best marked by a series of blackish preceding spots in the interspaces. A blackish terminal line, broken by yellowish points on the veins. Claviform short but broad, obscurely out- lined by dark scales. Orbicular round or nearly so, a little paler, with a central dusky spot. Reniform moderate in size, broad, a little constricted at middle, oblique, in- completely outlined, usually with a few rusty scales outwardly. As a whole the wing is a little darker over costal region from base to t. p. line, and there is a tendency to an oblique dusky shading from lower edge of reniform to the outer margin just below apex. Secondaries white, with small dusky terminal lunules. Beneath white, pri- maries powdered with gray, all wings with a darker discal spot and a tendency to an extra-median line.
Expands, 1.32- 1.42 inches = 33-35 mm.
Habitat. — California : Witch Creek II, Argus Mts., V.
One male and four females in good condition ; the Witch Creek examples through Mr. R. F. Pearsall, the Argus Mts. examples from Mr. . T. Kemp.
This is the narrowest winged species we have and the primaries are more nearly parallel than in any other species. The markings are very obscure and at first sight the species looks only a little mottled, dusty gray.
The antennae of the male are serrate and fasciculate, and the species thus belongs with indurata and curialis, while differing markedly from both.
Xylomiges nicalis, new species.
Head, thorax and primaries a soft bluish gray, in the males with a faint reddish tint and a somewhat glossy surface. Head and thorax without obvious maculation.
June, 1909] Smith : New Species of Noctuid^ for 1909. 67
Primaries, in the male the maculation tends to become altogether lost, the t. a. and s. t. lines being most frequently defined and the reniform usually marked by a reddish cloud. In the female the primaries are more powdery, the veins tend to become darker, and most of the maculation is usually traceable, the s, t. line being always most obvious. In none of the specimens is all the maculation present, so that the description is made from several examples. B^sal line geminate, the component parts widely separated, almost crossing the wing and strongly angulated. T. a. line single, diffuse, outwardly angulated at its middle, inwardly so on the subcosta and submedian. A broad, diffuse median shade is traceable across the wing in most examples. T. p. line single, irregular, diffuse, only a little outcurved over cell, and almost less in- curved below. A series of interspaceal blackish spots mark the s. t. line. A series of blackish terminal marks, beyond which is a narrow, interrupted pale line at base of fringes. Claviform short and broad, concolorous. Orbicular round or nearly so, not outlined, a little paler than the ground, with a dusky center. Reniform large, upright, incomplete, a little constricted at middle. Secondaries white with a series of black terminal lunules and a tendency toward a series of dusky extra-median venu- lar dots. Beneath white, primaries more or less powdery ; all wings with a more or less obvious discal spot and a tendency to an extra-median line. Expands, i. 40-1. 70 inches ^= 35-42 mm.
Habitat. — Pullman, Washington, April and May.
Seven males and six females, all in good condition, received from the Experiment Station some years ago and but recently separated out. The antennte of the male are distinctly serrate and fasciculate and therefore this is related to indurata and curia/is. It is however a much larger species than argus, broader winged, and with quite a different appearance. The marked difference between the sexes in this species is quite characteristic, and besides the differences already pointed out, it may be added that the males run smaller, although the largest male more than equals the smallest female.
Xylomiges tantiva, new species.
Ground color bluish gray, powdery. Head and thorax concolorous, patagia tend- ing toward a dusky submargin. Primaries powdery, all the transverse maculation obscured, tending toward a dusky shading over costa and in the terminal space. So far as they are traceable, the median lines are much as in nicalis ; but always incom- plete and the t. p. line often altogether lost. S. t. line pale, even, preceded by a narrow dusky shade which is sometimes more or less broken ; but never forms a series of separate spots. A dusky terminal line. Fringes interlined with pale. Claviform moderate in size, quite usually traceable. Orbicular round, obscurely outlined, a little paler than the ground, with a dusky center. Reniform large, upright, a little constricted at middle, with a shading of reddish or brown scales outwardly. Sec- ondaries white, with dusky terminal lunules and a tendency to a dusky, venular extra- median line. Beneath white, more or less powdery on primaries ; all wings with a discal spot and a tendency to an extra-median dark venular line.
Expands, I.40-I.60 inches -= 35-40 mm.
68 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. xvii.
Habitat. — Redington, Arizona.
Five males and four females from Dr. Wm. Barnes, at whose sug- gestion I give the specific name. Some of the examples are marked merely southern Arizona, Poling, and were probably taken by that gentleman.
This is yet another of the curiaUs-indnrata series, and differs from nicalis in the more powdery surface, the practical similarity of the sexes, the continuous s. t. shading before a definite pale line and, lastly, by the much less marked thickening of the male antennae. The joints here are much less marked than in nicalis and the bristle tufts are small and weak.
Tetanolita greta, new species.
A light smoky over a whitish base, the latter becoming more obvious as the speci- mens become flown. Head and thorax concolorous, the abdomen a little paler, edges of segments narrowly white. Primaries in well preserved specimens rather uniformly light smoky to the t. p. line, beyond which is a whitish or paler shade that is almost evenly oblique and outside of that the terminal area is much darker to the paler fringes. In a flown specimen the contrasts are less marked and an oblique median shade be- comes apparent, as well as a dusky t. a. line ; both of which are obscured in the full powdering when present. T. a. line vague at best, even, a little out-curved. T. p. line narrow, smoky, crenulate, somewhat irregular but, on the whole, about parallel with the outer margin. S. t. line pale, sinuate, appearing as a powdering in a dark specimen and as a well defined continuous line in a flown example. A series of black terminal lunules. Orbicular a small yellow dot. Reniform an indefined blackish line or blotch, partly outlined by yellow scales. Secondaries on the whole continuing the maculation of primaries. The base to a little beyond the middle is somewhat paler than primary, then come the continuation of the t. p. line in the form of a narrow, diff"use band, and the narrow pale shading, outside of which there is a broader dark terminal area. Through this runs a continuation of the s. t. line which is continuous, more distinct and obviously denticulate. The terminal black lunules are narrow but form an almost continuous line. Beneath, much paler and more powdery, the transverse maculation of upper surface more obvious but less definite, and all wings with a dark discal spot.
Expands, .90 inch = 23 mm.
Habitat. — San Diego, California IX, 23, X, 6.
Two male specimens from Mr. George H. Field: one of them fully clothed with scales, the other a little flown but otherwise in equally good condition. The palpi curve well up over the vertex and the fringing is rather sparse. Antennas with conspicuous long, slen- der lateral bristles and shorter fine hair. At about one third from base is the usual little scale tuft covering only a slight distortion of the antennal joints.
June, igog.] SmITH : NeW SpECIES OF NOCTUID^ FOR I909. 69
As compared with the described species, this is nearest io floridana, than which it is larger, without the slightly reddish tint, and decidedly more powdery. It is broader winged than any others of the species and the pale shade beyond the t. p. line gives the insect a character- istic appearance.
The character of the sexual tufting on the legs cannot be made out for lack of material, at present.
Tetanolita fulata, new species.
Ground color pale, washed-out luteous, shaded with smoky and all the lines smoky. Primaries more densely scaled and a little darker than secondaries, with a broad smoky shade before the t. p. line, not contrasting, and a better marked darken- ing preceding the s. t. line and extending to the outer margin. The basal line is marked by a smoky costal dot. T. a. line single, smoky, irregular, on the whole with an even outcurve, rather close to base of wing. T. p. line single, irregular, some- what dentate on some of the veins, outwardly angulate on the costa, then as a whole almost parallel with the outer margin, well removed outwardly so as to leave a broad median space. S. t. line yellowish, well marked through the dark shading, a little irregular but, on the whole, parallel with outer margin. A series of rather well- marked, large, blackish terminal lunules. The orbicular is a small yellow dot, which is sometimes much obscured. Reniform a narrow upright yellow bar or crescent, with a little blackish dot near upper and one near lower border. Secondaries palest at base, gradually becoming smoky outwardly, interrupted at about middle by the continuation of the t. p. line of primaries which is dark, followed by a paler shading, and extends across the secondaries. The pale s. t. line is also continued across the hind wings and is broader, more even, and more conspicuous. A series of black terminal lunules. Beneath paler, more powdery, with the maculation of the upper side incompletely reproduced.
Expands, .76-. 82 inch= 19-20 mm.
Habitat. — Pennsylvania; New Brighton IX, 19 (Merrick), Highspire VI, 22 : Illinois : Quincy IX, 1-15 (Poling).
The types are two males and two females in good or fair condi- tion, and I have had under examination 5 other examples from the Pennsylvania State collection taken at Harrisburg, at electric light, VIII, 22, 28, and Highspire, V, 26, IX, 28. The Highspire example in my collection came to me through a New Jersey correspondent, and I do not know the original collector.
There is considerable variation in the specimens due mostly to the difference in amount of smoky powdering ; the markings remaining about the same. The pattern is the same as \n floridana Sm., than which this is a somewhat smaller, narrower winged, much darker and less contrastingly marked species. There are other examples in Mr. Merrick's collection I have no doubt.
70 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
Renia exserta, new species.
Dull smoky gray or luteous, sometimes with a reddish tint. Palpi darker at sides. Head and thorax concolorous ; abdomen scarcely paler, with narrow paler edgings to segments. Primaries rather evenly colored, the basal area on the whole a little paler. T. a. line rigidly upright, yellowish, outwardly shaded with smoky brown. T. p. line even, yellowish or whitish, with a broad outcurve over cell and a less marked incurve below, just enough dark edging to the line to make it stand out conspicuously. S. t. line broken, irregular, yellowish, marked by brownish preceding shades, of which those at about the middle of its course are best marked. A series of small black terminal lunules. Orbicular a small, indefined yellowish blotch. Reniform upright, narrow, yellowish with black dots at either end. Secondaries a little paler than primaries ; a narrow, pale, median line continuing the t. p. line of the fore wing across the hind wing ; a broken dusky terminal line ; between the median line and the margin there is another, more indefinite and fragmentary, pale line. Beneath more rusty, powdery, with extra-median and s. t. line and discal spot on all wings.
Expands, I. lo-i. 12 inches i= 27-28 mm.
Habitat. — Trenton, Ontario, VIII, 11, John D. Evans ; London, Ontario, without date.
One male and female, in good condition. The female, from Lon- don, has been in my collection for years and I have kept it associated with flavipunctalis for lack of cornpanions to prove that it was not merely an aberration. From whom I received it I do not now remem- ber, and the label gives no indication. Recently I received a nice male from Mr. Evans, and am now convinced that the species is a good one, differing frorn all others in the genus by the very rigid t. a. line and the very even, contrasting, bi-sinuate t. p. line, which is con- tinued with equal distinctness across the secondaries.
Renia tilosalis, new species.
Ground color in the male blackish smoky throughout; in the female the primaries distinctly red-brown. Head and thorax concolorous with primaries in each sex. Basal line traceable across the costal area in some, specimens. T. a. line single, a little darker than the ground, often preceded by a paler or even whitish line, a little irregular, slightly excurved at the middle of its course ; but as a whole nearly upright. T. p. line single, narrow, darker than the ground, irregularly denticulate, followed by a paler shading which, in the male, is often whitish and conspicuous, and on the costa forms a distinct paler or whitish spot. S. t. line pale or whitish, very distinct and almost rigid to vein 5, then much more obscure, with an inward angle followed by an outcurve, and that in turn by a much less marked inward angle. In the female the line is more distinct and is usually preceded by a darker shade. A series of black terminal lunules, followed by a pale line at base of fringes. There is a diffuse darker, almost upright median shade crossing the wing over or just within the reniform, much more obvious in the female than in the male, in which it is often lost in the dark ground. Orbicular round, yellowish, not outlined, tending to become lost. Reni-
June, 1909.] KnAUS : NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. 71
form a narrow pale or yellowish oval with a black central line ; this line often broken into two black dots and sometimes diffused so as to fill the entire spot. Secondaries blackish smoky in both sexes. The t. p. line of primaries is continued as a crenu- lated blackish line across the wing, and is outwardly bordered by a more or less well- marked diffuse whitish shading. The s. t. line of primaries also is continued across the secondaries as a narrow pale or whitish line preceded by a slightly darker shad- ing. A series of black terminal lunules followed by a pale line at base of fringes. Beneath blackish, powdery, all wings with a discal spot, the outer lines of both wings more prominently reproduced.
Expands, .90-1.00 inch ^= 22-25 ^^^
Habitat. — Long Island, New York, July 24, August 11 ; Chester, N. J., August 28, Jamesburg, N. J., Oak Ridge, N. J., August 7 ; New Brighton, Penn., July 19-August 2.
Nine males, six females most of them in good condition. The Long Island and Oak Ridge specimens are from Mr. E. Shoemaker ; the New Brighton specimens are from Mr. H. D. Merrick, the others are from the college collection.
This species belongs vi'x'Ca. /actios alls in type of maculation ; but is much smaller, quite different in color and varies in a different direc- tion. In well marked males the tendency to a white band following the t. p. line across both wings is often conspicuously shown and on the secondaries some females are almost as well marked. This char- acter is also the most obvious distinctive feature when a series is under observation.
NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.
By W. Knaus, McPherson, Kansas.
For the past ten or twelve years, the writer has been on the look- out for Sicyobius brousii, described by Dr. Horn in 1884. Season after season the vines of the wild gourd, Cuaimes perennis, were exam- ined for this Cerambycid, but always without success, until June 6, 1908, when I was at Lindsborg, fourteen miles north of McPherson. On that day, while waiting for a train, I went south along the Smoky Hill River, just beyond the city limits, and on examining a gourd vine was so fortumate as to find a single specimen of this modest little gray and white insect. A careful inspection of all the gourd vines in the vicinity did not disclose any further specimens.
Four days later, while in Ashland, Clark County, I took this species
72 Journal New York Entomological Society. Voi.xv^ii.
in numbers on the gourd vines. On the slope of the banks of Bear Creek, the wild gourds had been covered with sand, and the vines came up in bunches that had not yet begun to spread. On these bunches the beetles were numerous, and could be picked off the vines without diffi- culty. When first discovered, at about six o'clock in the evening, they were sluggish and did not attempt to fly. When disturbed they dropped to the sand, which they resembled closely in color, lay quiet for a short time, and then crawled slowly away. In the hotter parts of the day, their movements were much more rapid. Sometimes when taken hold of on a vine, they clung tightly with their feet and could with difficulty be loosened. On single vines, they would usually drop to the sand if the vine was touched.
I collected some forty specimens the evening I found them, but on returning to the place the next morning to renew the harvest, I found that some vagrant cow had browsed over the spot and had eaten the bunch of vines that I was depending upon for further captures. How- ever, from the remains of the vines and others more scattered nearby, I secured some twenty additional specimens.
My specimens in this catch varied in length from 7 mm. for the males to 9^ mm. for the females; the width being from 2 to 3 mm. The annulation of the antennae seemed to be more noticeable in the females. Two oblique fascia or patches of white adorn the gray elytra ; a less marked one, one third from the base, and a well de- fined one, two thirds from the base. These also seemed to be the more constant in the females than in the males. A more obscure fascia on the declivity of each elytron, running at a different angle from the other elytral fasciae, can almost always be observed. The scutellum always shows a patch of white hairs.
The stems of the growing and of the decaying vines of the pre- vious year were examined for the larvae of the Sicyobius, but neither larvae nor pupae were found. The stems of the growing vines showed numerous galls or swellings, each of which contained small white larva;. A month later these larvae had reached their full growth of an inch or an inch and a quarter in length, were thick and fleshy and of a light yellowish or opalescent color. They always bored their way out of the gall and entered the ground for pupation. Not being equipped on the trip for securing and carrying the pupae, I did not collect any, and do not know what insect the final transformation disclosed.
While collecting Sicyobius at Ashland, I noticed in the decaying
June, 1909.] Comstock: Use of Coal Tar Creosote. 73
branches of the gourd vines a small dark brown Scolytid. The pre- ceding year's vines and even fruit, proved to be packed full of these small insects, their larvse and pupse. I collected a good series of the perfect insect, and Dr. Hopkins, of the Bureau of Entomology at Washington, D. C, pronounced them to be a species oi Xylocleptes, either cucurbitcB Lee. or a new species, probably the latter. It was the first time I had observed the species in the state, and the present season I hope to secure both the larvse and pupse of this insect.
ON THE USE OF COAL TAR CREOSOTE AS A PREVENTATIVE OF CABINET PESTS.
By Wm. Phillips Comstock,
Newark, N. J-
An article by Dr. Geo. W. Bock, entitled " An absolutely sure method of preservation of natural scientific collections against insect enemies " appeared on page 443 of the December, 1907, issue of the Entomological News. This interested me at the time and shortly after- ward I made an experiment with the method. Dr. Bock used thimbles, to which he had soldered pins, for affixing the same in cabinet ; these he filled with medicated cotton which he soaked with coal tar creosote.
Not having time to prepare the thimbles, I prepared another receptacle for the creosote. I bought a box of no. o gelatine capsules — 100 cost $.10.* Throwing aside the top I used the larger bottom of the capsule as a receptacle to hold the creosote. My method of preparation was as follows : I first inserted a little tuft of common absorbent cotton into the capsule with my forceps and filled about 50 thus. To support the capsule in the box I used a common pin which I first heated slightly over a lamp and then thrust through the capsule at right angles to its vertical axis and near the top (see Fig. i). The heated pin fused itself through both sides of the gelatine capsule, fasten- ing firmly. A little practice will teach the experimenter the trick of heating the pin to the proper temperature, so that the work may be done rapidly. I used medium size common pins but a black headed steel pin, I believe, would have proved superior.
The operation of filling the capsules maybe done with a medicine dropper and takes little time.
* Empty gelatine capsules are manufactured by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich,
74
Journal New York Entomological Society. fVoi. xvii.
These capsules prepared thus, were used in 12" x 16" cabinet drawers, two to the drawer. They held down the pests in a very much neglected and crowded cabinet for nearly a year until I found time to work over the material. In pinning the capsules into the drawers I at first thought it necessary to pin them into the sides so as to keep them upright, but later I pinned them into the bottom in a slanting position with good results. By inserting a stout insect pin obliquely to the vertical axis of the capsule (see Fig. 2), it may be pinned in the bottom of the drawer and there is no chance of the creosote running out. This is a fault that I anticipated but it did not
KSJ
Fin. I.
Fig. 2.
occur, the cotton absorbing all the creosote. The capsules are small, not very noticeable and maintain a strong odor of the creosote in the cabinet. The drawers of the cabinet were quite tight, however, and were not opened a half dozen times in ten months. I believe that the capsules would need refilling about once in every six months where the drawers were frequently opened.
It is better to use a small amount of cotton and not to pack it into the capsule. Do not use too much creosote either. Capsules in which the cotton is loose are much easier to refill. When capsules are just filled, pin them in an old box set up on end and let them remain a day, so that any creosote which may have run over on the outside will dry before putting capsules into the cabinet.
THE NOTONECTID GENUS BUENOA KIRKALDY.
By J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno,
White Plains, N. Y.
These notes by no means aim at exhaustiveness. Much is neces- sarily omitted, but as their main purpose is to unravel the tangle into which have fallen the species of the genus occurring in the eastern United States, it does not appear to be appropriate to go minutely into details best treated of in a monographic revision of the genus.
June, igog.J ToRRE BUENO : ThE GeNUS BuENOA. 75
I. In 1904, in" iJber Notonectiden," * Kirkaldy separated the genus Buenoa from Anisops, to contain the American species, distin- guishable from the Old World forms by having /z£/(9-jointed anterior tarsi in the male. He lists 12 species as valid and reduces four to synonymy (not including one apparent misidentification). One spe- cies, however, is not listed but is mentioned in the text (p. 123), this being Fieber's Anisops elegans. The actual number of species is, however, much greater, as even counting synonyms, there are only seven continental Bueitoas noted for North America, whereas I am familiar with five recognized species (excluding synonyms), and pos- sess in addition some two or three undescribed forms from the west and south. The described ^species known to me are the following :
Buenoa albida Champion. Texas ; Mexico. B. caritiata Champion. Mexico. B. pallipes Fabricius. Mexico. B. elegans Fieber. New Jersey.
B. platycneniis Fieber. New York ; New Jersey ; Illinois. To which must be added : B. margaritacea Bueno hereafter mentioned.
II. When I first began to work on the waterbugs, I named some by the fatally easy method of exclusion. If you know all the species except one for a certain locality, why, the one that was new to you must necessarily be the remaining species. Or, if only one species was given for a specific region, why, the most abundant, and in fact, the only one taken must be it. Accordingly, when I found a common and abundant bug, I looked into Uhler's Check List, and there found only one species of Anisops given as occurring in the Atlantic States ; namely, Anisops phitycnetnis Yieher. Now, whom should I follow, if not our most distinguished hemipterist ? I promptly did so, to find myself in good (if misled) company. Later, possession of Fieber's " Rhynchotographieen " gave rise to many misgivings, even though Uhler's f semi-popular description in the Standard Natural History confirmed my first idea as to A. platycneniis. Subsequently I took, although in small numbers, another species, which but served to ac- centuate my previous doubts. Within the last year another local form turned up to increase the problem. However, once a sufficiency of material was in hand, the solution of the problem was simple enough.
*Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, VII, 120 (Aug. 31, 1904). t 1852, Abh. bohm. Ges. Wiss. (5), 7, pp. 1-64.
76 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xvii.
The Buenoa known to a generation of American entomologists as Anisops platycnemis was an undescribed species. The other two forms were readily identified by reference toFieber (op. c. , pp. 61-62), as the true Buenoa platycnemis and its close congener B. elegans. In passing it may be noted that these forms are so close that eventually a sufficiently long series may prove them cospecific, but the time is not yet for uniting them.
In Standard Natural History'^ Uhler describes what he considers to be Atiisops platycnetnis Fieber, mainly by color characters (a very unreliable and misleading method in Hemiptera), but he makes the concrete statement that the length is " about \ of an inch to the tip of the wing covers." Now " about \ of an inch " may mean 6 mm. or 7 mm., each of which differs from i inch by a small fraction, the former by only i'mm., or about ^i^ in., and the latter by fmm., equivalent to -^\-^ in., which are almost negligible quantities when considering an "about" dimension. At any rate, Fieber states that \\\?, Anisops platycnemis is " 2^ lines " in length. A "line" being yV of an inch, we therefore have an insect ^^ of an inch in length, which differs but fractionally from 5 mm. (exactly .0085 in., or .21 mm.). This is one full millimeter shorter than Uhler's bug if we con- sider it just \ inch long, which in such a small insect is quite an appre- ciable measurement, and one serving to separate species. Now, in my ' ' Notes on the Notonectidse of the Vicinity of New York, " f I referred to the species in question, of course, as Anisops platycnemis, as before noted, and described it, mainly structurally, if rather briefly (p. 236). There the dimensions are given as 6.7 mm. to 8.1 mm. long, and 2 to 2, 3 mm. broad. The shorter length, of course, is " about \ " inch, and, taken in connection with Uhler's color characters with which it agrees as closely as is to be expected in a character so variable as is color in waterbugs, it is evident that the two descriptions refer to the same insect. Again, Fieber distinctly says " Augen gross," which is certainly not the case with the pseudo-platycnemis, because in this form the eyes are not noticeably larger than the average in the genus, whilst in the genuine they are. The synonymy of this species there- fore becomes :
Buenoa margaritacea Bueno, 1908, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XVI, 4, p. 238.
* 1882, Vol. II, p. 253. ~
t 1902, Journ. N, Y. Ent. Soc, X, 4, pp. 230-236.
June, igog.] WhEELER : NORTH AMERICAN FORMICIDiE. 77
= Anisops platyoiemis Uhler, 1882, Stand. Nat. Hist., II, 250 ; Bueno, 1902, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, X, 236 ; 1904, Kirkaldy, Wien. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, VII, 123; and very many other authors (but not Fieber).
The three descriptions cited above will enable anyone to identity this species with certainty.
The three species of Buenoa thus far found in the eastern United States are, therefore : B. margar-iiacea Bueno, B. platycnemis Fieber, B. elegans Fieber, and they may be separated by the following table :
1. (2) Large species, over 6 mm. long I. f/ia rgari/acea Hueno.
2. (i) Smaller species, less than 6 mm. long.
3. (4) Eyes large and prominent ; shape slender 2. platycnemis Fieber.
4. (3) Eyes large but not prominent ; shape more convex 3. elegans Fieber.
Buenoa margaritacea appears to be very widely distributed in the north and I should not be surprised if it occurred in Canada, as in the United States, as far